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Проведено изучение антропометрических данных и показателей кровообращения, дыхания и энергетики у 14 мастеров спорта по лыжным гонкам. Спортсмены протестированы повышающимися нагрузками до отказа на велоэргометре с использованием системы “Oxycon Pro” (Германия). Повторные исследования проведены через 5 лет. За 5 лет наблюдения антропометрические и физиологические показатели практически не изменились, но при нагрузке 200 Вт произошло статистически значимое снижение частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) и двойного произведения (ДП), что говорит об экономизации реакций кровообращения при стандартной работе и подтверждает повышение тренированности. Однако при максимальной нагрузке через 5 лет выявилось уменьшение потребления кислорода (ПК), максимального потребления кислорода (валового и на единицу массы тела), ПК на пороге анаэробного обмена (ПАНО) и ЧСС на ПАНО, что указывает на снижение предельных функциональных возможностей организма лыжников-северян/ Ускоренное снижение уровня физической работоспособности по аэробному и анаэробному порогам свидетельствует не только о начинающихся возрастных изменениях в организме спортсменов-северян, но и о возможном негативном влиянии на этот процесс условий проживания на Севере We studied anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular, respiratory, and energy metabolism parameters in 14 male Komi Republic ski runners, masters of sports (according to Russian qualification system) in cross-country ski racing. All athletes performed a maximal bicycle ergometer test with the “Oxycon Pro” system (Germany). The tests were repeated after five years of observation. After the mentioned period, we found almost no changes in anthropometric and physiological parameters. Nevertheless, we observed a statistically significant decrease in heart rate (HR) and double product (DP) during the ergometer test at the load of 200 W. This suggests more economical work of circulation system because of training and increase of physical capacity. However, after five years of training and competing, at the maximal load during the test, we observed decreased oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen consumption (MOC, both in absolute and relative values), reduced oxygen consumption and HR at the anaerobic threshold. These findings suggest the decrease of maximal functional capabilities in male Northerners training as ski runners. The observed reduction in physical work capacity suggests not only the beginning of age-related changes in the physiology of northern athletes but also possible adverse effects of prolonged residency in the North.

The purpose of this paper was to compare the physiological parameters of the cardiorespiratory system at rest and during the bicycle ergometer test to exhaustion in biathletes and cross-country skiers to identify the difference in the aerobic performance of athletes of two closely related winter sports. Materials and methods: 18 biathletes and 28 male cross-country skiers aged 17–21 years, all with the rank of the Candidate for Master of Sport, were examined. Bicycle ergometer testing to exhaustion was used (Oxycon Pro, Germany), cardiorespiratory parameters were analysed, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was determined, and the physiological cost of a unit of work was calculated. Results. At rest, a statistically significantly higher level of fitness was revealed in crosscountry skiers compared with biathletes according to such haemodynamic parameters as systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and double product. At maximal load, an increased degree of fitness was found in cross-country skiers in terms of power and duration of bicycle ergometer exercise, cardiac and pulse cost per unit of work, as well as gross and specific VO2 max. The body of cross-country skiers under the test to exhaustion (according to oxygen pulse value) functions more efficiently than the body of biathletes. Thus, higher level of fitness among cross-country skiers of the Komi Republic is manifested in the economization of cardiorespiratory functions both at rest and at maximal ergometric loads, as well as in the value of specific physiological cost per unit of work. Increased functionality (or reserves) of cross-country skiers is indicated by such parameters as systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, double product, respiratory minute volume, oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure. It can be assumed that the aerobic performance of biathletes is lower than that of cross-country skiers as the former receive less training in cross-country skiing.