Objectives: The present study aimed to test a hypothetical model where causally linked and ordered cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms serve as mediators of the relationship between early traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the general population of young adults. Methods: Two thousand six hundred and fourteen people (1673 females) took part in the online survey. Participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring exposure to early traumatic life events, PLEs, cognitive biases, resilience and depressive symptoms. Correlation and multiple mediation analyses were performed. Results: All three mediators turned out to be significantly correlated with early trauma, PLEs and with each other. Mediational analysis demonstrated that hypothesized model of causally linked mediators was significant (P ≤ .001) and accounted for 33% (P < .001) of the explained variance in PLEs in comparison to 11% (P ≤ .001) without mediators. Conclusions: First, our results provide evidence for significant associations between early traumatic life events, cognitive biases, depressive symptoms, psychological resilience and PLEs. Second, they indicate significant indirect effects of early trauma exposure on PLEs through a path consisted of cognitive biases, psychological resilience and depressive symptoms that suggest a possible importance of interventions bolstering resilience in young people in order to minimize the severity of depressive and psychotic psychopathology. K E Y W O R D S cognitive biases, depressive symptoms, early trauma, psychotic-like experiences, resilience

Growing number of studies suggests link between circadian rhythms and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) manifestation. We hypothesize that: 1) IBD are associated with increased eveningness and sleep disturbances; 2) eveningness and sleep disturbances are related to more severe IBD symptoms. In total, 129 participants were enrolled to this study, divided into three groups: 34 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 38 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 57 healthy controls (HC) group. They all fulfilled a questionnaire, consisting of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Multiple regression models controlled for age and sex revealed that in CD group higher eveningness measured with CSM was associated with higher general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue and reduced motivation measured by MFI. Lower CSM morning affect is associated with greater general fatigue, physical fatigue and more reduced activity. Greater seasonality scores are associated with increased physical fatigue and more reduced activity and motivation. Lower sleep quality measured with PSQI is associated with higher physical fatigue and more reduced activity. Correlational analysis revealed that higher seasonality and lower sleep quality are associated with increased systemic and bowel symptoms and decreased emotional and social functions measured with IBDQ. In UC group, eveningness is associated with greater general fatigue, physical fatigue and more reduced activity. Higher CSM morning affect is associated with decreased general fatigue, physical fatigue and less reduced activity. Higher CSM circadian preference scores are associated with decreased general and physical fatigue, and less reduced activity. Increased seasonality is associated with more physical fatigue. Lower sleep quality is associated with greater general and physical fatigue. To our best knowledge this is the first study evaluating associations between chronotype and sleep disturbances with IBD symptoms. We have found that chronotype preferences, whose role in IBD has been until now overlooked, may be one of the important factors contributing to fatigue in this clinical group.

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