Abstract:The 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (RMET) is a test of a Theory of Mind, i.e., the ability to infer the states of minds of other people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Polish adaptation of the RMET. The sample consisted of 447 participants, aged 18-85. The internal consistency of the RMET was 0.668; the upper confidence interval was 0.718. The score in the Polish version of the RMET was positively correlated with the English version. Test-retest stability was acceptable, with ICC = 0.886. The correlation of RMET and the cognitive empathy measure confirms the theoretical assumptions. There were significant gender differences in RMET scores: women had higher scores than men. Elderly groups of participants differ statistically from younger groups of participants in the RMET. The Polish version of the RMET showed satisfactory psychometric parameters, comparable to those of the original version.

Although empathy for pain is an often studied phenomenon, only few studies employing electromyography (EMG) have investigated either emotional responses to the pain of others or factors that modulate these responses. The present study investigated whether the sex and attractiveness of persons experiencing pain affected muscle activity associated with empathy for pain, the corrugator supercili (CS) and orbicularis oculi (OO) muscles, in male and female participants in two conditions: adopting a perspective of “the other” or “the self.” Fifty one participants (27 females) watched movies showing situations that included the expression of pain, with female and male and more and less attractive actors under both conditions, while the CS and OO EMG were recorded. Perspective did not affect CS muscle activity, but OO muscle activity tended to be higher in women than men under the imagine-self condition. CS muscle activity, but not OO muscle activity, was modulated by the actors’ gender and attractiveness. CS muscle activity was stronger in response to the pain of less attractive than more attractive actors, and to the pain of female actors compared to male actors. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between empathic concern, as a trait, and CS muscle activity, but only in the imagine-self condition.

Empathy of pain as a multi-dimensional process includes

No abstract

Jeśli sięgnęłaś/sięgnąłeś po tę książkę, to prawdopodobnie jesteś nauczycielką/nauczycielem i podobnie jak większość z nas, jej autorek, pracujesz w szkole 1 . Nie wiemy, jaki jest Twój stosunek do oceny zachowania, w którym miejscu, między "za" i "przeciw", jesteś. Jesteśmy jednak przekonane, że -bez względu na to, czy uważasz, że ocena zachowania taka, jaką znamy, jest w porządku, czy raczej czujesz, że "coś tu nie gra" i wymaga zmiany -ta książka może okazać się dla Ciebie ważna. Proponujemy nową perspektywę spojrzenia na ocenianie zachowania i cieszymy się, że ją z nami poznasz.