The aim of this study was to investigate the most important risk factors associated with the development of surgical site infections (SSIs). Therefore, greater attention has been given to adherence to recommendations for the prevention and control of SSIs as well as to antibiotic prophylaxis protocols.

Both narrow band imaging (NBI) and autofluorescence imaging (AFI) are new techniques for the assessment of lung cancer. The major aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of these two techniques improve sensitivity and specificity in the assessment of lung cancer extension. The study prospectively evaluated 118 patients with suspected lung cancer. All of the patients were examined using EVIS LUCERA SPECTRUM videobronchoscopy system. The narrow band imaging preceded autofluorescence imaging examination. In every patient, at least 1 but no more than 4 biopsies were taken from places visualized as pathologic, surrounding primary tumor, and at least 1 biopsy from places that appeared visually normal. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value for autofluorescence imaging in the assessment of tumor extension were 89.2, 77.8, 87, and 81%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value for narrow band imaging were 90.4, 82.4, 91.8, and 79.7%, respectively. Corresponding values for combination of techniques were 93.7, 86.9, 94.5, and 85.1%. Combination of techniques significantly improves sensitivity (P = 0.034) with borderline effect on specificity (P = 0.056) of autofluorescence imaging. There was no significant improvement for sensitivity and specificity of NBI alone. The combination of techniques shows significantly better sensitivity and specificity in the assessment of lung cancer extension when compared to white light videobronchoscopy alone, but improvement is not so convincing when compared to the each technique alone.

Our results confirm that AFI videobronchoscopy significantly improves the assessment of central lung cancer extension and influences the therapeutic strategy. This technique has greater sensitivity and specificity, in assessment of tumor margins, than WLB alone.