In the past decade, only a small number of papers have elaborated on the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling across different areas. In this review, an in-depth analysis of the distribution of PBPK modeling in relation to its application in various research topics and model validation was conducted by text mining tools. Orange 3.32.0, an open-source data mining program was used for text mining. PubMed was used for data retrieval, and the collected articles were analyzed by several widgets. A total of 2699 articles related to PBPK modeling met the predefined criteria. The number of publications per year has been rising steadily. Regarding the application areas, the results revealed that 26% of the publications described the use of PBPK modeling in early drug development, risk assessment and toxicity assessment, followed by absorption/formulation modeling (25%), prediction of drug-disease interactions (20%), drug-drug interactions (DDIs) (17%) and pediatric drug development (12%). Furthermore, the analysis showed that only 12% of the publications mentioned model validation, of which 51% referred to literature-based validation and 26% to experimentally validated models. The obtained results present a valuable review of the state-of-the-art regarding PBPK modeling applications in drug discovery and development and related fields.

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A b s t r a c t: Today we are involved in the fourth industrial revolution which aims towards autonomous working smart factories operating in smart manufacturing of smart industry. In this paper is discussed about Industry 4.0 and the influence of this new technological revolution in welding engineering. Smart factories are aiming for smart production using humanles and paperless technologies and accordance to that is analyzed the influence on welding engineering. Interconnectivity among welding power sources, software, and manufacturing decision-makers makes possible the integration of Industry 4.0 in welding environment. Working together with the "Internet of Things" and "Industry 4.0" the possibility for implementing sensor technology to provide real-time welding process monitoring and high-quality production has been met.