The pharmaceutical active compounds: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, hormones, as well as detergents and pesticides that help improve human life are considered a source of water contamination. The amount of pharmaceutical active compounds in the environment is constantly increasing due to their widespread use by humans. Medicines sales in Poland are very high and rank sixth among European countries; moreover, sales are growing dynamically. Analysis of water samples from Warta River made it possible to study the dependence of NSAIDs, analgesics, and antibiotics concentrations in water due to season, month, and pandemic time. Analytes from the surface water were separated and concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS/MS). The concentration of pharmaceuticals in the Warta River was subject to significant (or moderate) fluctuations during the study period. Concentrations depended on weather conditions and disease periods (seasonal, epidemic).

The content of pharmaceuticals in natural waters is steadily increasing. Especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often detected in natural waters due to their widespread use. This group of compounds includes commonly used representatives, such as paracetamol and ketoprofen. The quality of natural waters determines the processes applied for the treatment of drinking water. The methods used in order to remove pharmaceuticals from treated water include adsorption and biologically active filtration. Both processes also occur during artificial infiltration (forced flow of intake surface water through the ground to the collecting wells) at surface water intakes. The processes, which occur in the soil, change the water quality characteristics to a great extent. The goal of the study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of paracetamol and ketoprofen in the process of artificial infiltration used as a pre-treatment of surface water. The studies were conducted at a field experimental installation located at the technical artificial infiltration intake. The experimental installation consisted of three metering wells (piezometers) which were located on the way between the bank of the infiltration pond and the collecting well. The collected water samples allowed to evaluate the change of selected NSAIDs concentrations during the passage of water through the ground. The analysis procedure included solid phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Removal of the studied NSAIDs in the infiltration process occurred with variable effectiveness throughout the year. Paracetamol was removed with annual efficiency equal to 42%, although no significant removal of ketoprofen was observed.

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