The article discusses the issue of water supply sources for small settlements located on the territory of the Southern Urals and the Cis-Urals. Based on almost 30 years of monitoring of a well used for the water supply of a summer country house, it is shown that the trend of the groundwater level in this area tends to decrease. At the same time, observations of chemical composition of water revealed an increase in the amount of nitrates. It has been established that the level of groundwater depends on the amount of precipitation. Their amount also affects the level of nitrates in groundwater. With an increase in precipitation, the amount of nitrates decreases. The problems shown indicate the need to control the quality of water used for non-centralized water supply of small settlements.

The article deals with the formation and distribution of bicarbonate groundwater in the hydrogeological complexes of the hypergenesis zone of the Southern Cis-Urals. Particular attention is paid to the issues of the distribution of bicarbonate groundwater in the hydrogeological section, which are of the greatest practical importance for the purposes of drinking water supply in the region. On the basis of long-term complex field and experimental studies, it has been established that the formation of the chemical composition and distribution of these waters in hydrogeological complexes is subject to the laws of vertical hydrogeodynamic and gas-hydrochemical zonality. The influence of technogenesis on the qualitative composition of these waters is noted.

В статье рассматриваются процессы, происходящие в подземных водах в районах разработки нефтяных месторождений Южного Предуралья. На основе комплексных многолетних исследований, проведенных авторами, показаны изменения, происходящие в верхнем и нижнем гидрогеохимических этажах. Особое внимание уделено выяснению причин и источников загрязнения пресных подземных вод, для чего был применен гелиевый метод исследований. Описаны процессы, происходящие в породах под прудами-накопителями. Выявлена тесная корреляционная связь между минерализацией подземных вод и количеством осадков в регионе. Показано, что восстановление гидрогеохимических условий в породах происходит спустя более 50 лет после прекращения поступления в них загрязнения. The article deals with the processes occurring in regions with oil fields in the Southern Cis-Urals. Based on comprehensive long-term studies conducted by the authors, the changes occurring in the upper and lower hydrogeochemical floors are shown. Special attention is paid to finding out the causes and sources of pollution of fresh groundwater, for which the helium research method was used. The processes occurring in rocks under storage ponds are described. A close correlation was revealed between the mineralization of groundwater and the amount of precipitation in the region. It is shown that the restoration of hydrogeochemical conditions in the rocks occurs more than 50 years after the cessation of contamination in them.