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Background. dextromethorphan (dXM) is a widely used over-the-counter antitussive drug. in supratherapeutic doses, it exerts psychoactive effects. Use of dXM seems very common among people seeking 'illegal or legal highs'. Objectives. the aim of the study is to assess the social and psychological features of dXM users. Material and methods. data on dXM poisoning (n = 103; adults and youths) in lodz Province from January 2011 to March 2015 were obtained. Furthermore, analyses of the psychological or psychiatric examination of patients were performed. the symptoms of acute intoxication and ingested doses were reported to evaluate the course and possible tolerance. Results. recreational dXM poisoning was the main reason for the admission of the majority of patients (53%). this phenomenon was observed mainly in the group of adolescents and young adults. the average dose ranged from 5 up to 120 pills of 15 mg each. coadministration with alcohol was reported in 45% of patients. clinical presentation included predominantly balance disorders, psychomotor retardation and agitation. there was a difference in psychosocial risk factors between genders: living alone and relationship problems were significantly more frequent in females. Conclusions. our study highlights gender differences in psychosocial risk factors for dXM use, a potential role of the family environment, substance addiction, and organic diseases in the development of dXM dependence. SummaryISSN 1734-3402, eISSN 2449-8580 this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution-noncommercial-sharealike 4.0 international (cc by-nc-sa 4.0). license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Koziarska-rościszewska M, Piątek a, Kobza-sindlewska K, Krakowiak M, winnicka r, Krakowiak a. dextromethorphan recreational use and poisoning -the social and psychological background. Fam Med Prim Care Rev 2018; 20(2): 139-143, doi: https://

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is an extremely important therapeutic problem and affects up to 50% of nulliparous women, and its frequency increases with age and parity and is more common after menopause. This ailment has a negative impact on many aspects of life, significantly reducing its quality. Nowadays, not only the cure of the problem, but also the improvement of the quality of life and life satisfaction of patients is of great importance for doctors, therefore the assessment of these aspects should also be constantlyevaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of life and satisfaction with life of patients before, 1 year and 3 years after performing the surgery of an isolated apical defect using BSC synthetic mesh. Methods: Of 60 patients with an isolated apical defect, 45 had sufficient medical records for the analysis. Evaluation comprised the P-QOL and the SWLS questionnaires conducted three times. Results: The results obtained for the P-QOL questionnaire carried out after 3 years show that the quality of life of the patients improved. A statistically significant increase in the quality of life was achieved in almost all domains (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results obtained after completing the SWLS questionnaire indicate that 3 years after the surgery, patients' satisfaction with life showed an upward trend. Surgical treatment of an isolated apical defect using the AMI BSC kit results in an improvement in the quality of life in the majority of patients, even in a long-term evaluation.

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