The review represents the problems of a damage to the vital organs in newborns with the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS). Particular attention is paid to the key predisposing factors and key links of the renal damage’s pathogenesis in newborns with ACS. This review presents the latest data about the role of the hypoxia at the initiation of damage of the renal parenchyma, the prospects for the use of various molecular markers for early diagnostics of nephropathy. Creation of molecular cell test system for the diagnostics and monitoring of renal damage in newborns with ACS is a promising trend in the treatment and prevention nephropathy in newborns.