Public transport should become part of a solution for sustainable transport in the future. However, to keep and attract more passengers, public transport must have high service quality to satisfy and fulfil a wide range of different customer’s needs. The purpose of the study is to examine the influencing factors measuring customers’ satisfaction, especially the impact of the factors on customers’ satisfaction with public transportation in Wolaita Sodo Town of SNNPR. The data was gathered through a structured questionnaire from the public transport commuters. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 385 randomly selected public transportation passengers in Wolaita Sodo Bus Terminal, Wolaita Zone. Descriptive and Inferential statistics to analyze the data using SPSS version 22. Under Inferential statistics, multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between factors influencing customer satisfaction and commuters’ satisfaction. The results showed that the Fare system has the highest impact on customer satisfaction, followed by Transport comfort, Services provided and Scheduled timings. Three other factors, namely accessibility, Availability of facilities and Terminal environment, were insignificant to customer satisfaction. The analysis of the variance of demographic variables on customer satisfaction with public transport showed that gender, Age, and marital status were statistically insignificant in predicting customer satisfaction. In contrast, Religion, income level, and travelling frequency were statistically significant in predicting customer satisfaction. A flexible and affordable fare rate system should be encouraged and implemented for all routes at different distances to make the service more affordable, satisfy customers’ requirements, and be competent and profitable for the enterprise.

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The study aimed at how to improve the technical support to enhance productivity of rural community in Boloso Sore and Boloso Bombe Woredas/Districts of Ethiopia. It employed both quantitative and qualitative study design. The study used questionnaire, KII and FGD guides to gather primary data and the secondary data were collected via desk review. The results of this study affirmed that serious efforts have been made and large amount of resources have been invested by Wonta Rural Development Association to improve the livelihood situation of the rural household. The viability and scope of supports made by the Wonta Rural Development Association to improve household productivity and intend to create rural employment worked out good in the areas of dairy goat and community based organizations like self help groups for savings. The productivity of horticulture, poultry and other activities were found inferior during the study period. Engagement of key stakeholders, continuous monitoring and evaluation schemes, feedback from end users among others to enhance technical support were slim. The study has suggested a conceptual model to improve rural household production and productivity to enhance household food security, to promote rural job opportunity and to introduce and apply value chain in rural context.

The study was about Causes and Consequences of Rural Urban Migration: the case of Sodo town, Wolaita Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia with specific objectives of to assess factors that aggravate rural urban migration; and to examine the consequences of rural urban migration in study area. Two stage sampling technique was used to select the 40 sample respondents from the total population. As far as the causes of migration is concerned, 35%,32.5%.17.5% and 15% were found to migrate due to some reasons like resource conflict, lack of job, lack of housing service, and lack of food respectively. As a result, local, regional or federal governments should give due emphasis for strengthening indigenous and formal institutions in such a way that they able to mange resource conflicts; and ensure transformation of agriculture in which case productivity would to increase food supply; and improve the lively hood of rural people. The study has also revealed about 47.5% and 25% of the total respondents were female and children below 15 years of age which shows especial emphasis should be given to educate children and to empower women. Further, about 62.5% and 67.5% were landless and unemployed as a result which the local, regional and federal governments should place especial attention to reduce unemployment by mobilizing rural people to effectively handle or manage their land and ensure productivity via increased employment there.Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes in the existing literature that it points out improving agricultural productivity in rural areas among others should be the hot agenda for governments. Thus, this task will make more people get employed in agricultural sector as a result of which unemployment diminishes and livelihood improves. Further, appropriate land management practice is key issue for improving productivity and ensuring sustainable development mainly to reduce rural urban migration at remarkable rate.