Background
Subdural hematoma is a rare, potentially devastating, yet curable complication of spinal anesthesia. Differentiation between post-dural puncture headache and subdural hematoma can be difficult, resulting in a delay in diagnosis.
Case presentation
We present a 28-year-old Ethiopian female patient who underwent elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia and returned to the emergency department after 1 month with a worsening headache. Brain computed tomography revealed a chronic subdural hematoma with a significant midline shift. The patient recovered completely after surgical evacuation.
Conclusions
A high index of suspicion and close attention to the pattern and characteristics of the headache, coupled with a meticulous neurologic examination and neuroimaging, can help to achieve timely diagnosis of this serious entity. Investigation with head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is vital.
Retropharyngeal tuberculous abscess (RPTBA) is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) even in high TB burden areas. It rarely manifests as a cause of upper airway obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with few case reports in the literature. We report a 22 months old toddler who presented with upper airway obstruction and OSA and was diagnosed with RPTBA. The child recovered completely and growing normally after intra-oral aspiration and 6 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Pentalogy of Cantrell consists of an extensive defect of the thoraco-abdominal wall, which has nearly always a lethal prognosis. The defect is characterized by the association of five anomalies: omphalocele, cardiac ectopia, absence of the distal portion of the sternum, absence of the anterior diaphragm and absence of the parietal diaphragmatic pericardium. It has a rare frequency of about 5.5 per 1,000,000 live births. There is a common association with intra cardiac anomalies such as ventricular septum defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of great vessels .The pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we present an imaging findings with antenatal Two Dimensional (2D) and Three Dimensional (3D) ultrasound and fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in a 20 weeks of gestation with a multiple anomalies, based on which the diagnosis of complete Pentalogy of Cantrell was given with a brief literature. Post mortem radiography, 3D Computed Tomography (CT) and clinical autopsy were performed additionally to enhance the visualization of fetal anomalies and to confirm the diagnosis.Extensive imaging of cardiac, thoracic and abdominal malformations by ultrasound and MRI is complementary for a clear diagnosis and counseling of the patient.
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