Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. Maize is one of the plants which mostly used for indigenous food like bread, injera, qolo, nifi ro and soup in Ethiopia. Despite farmers of Mizan-Aman produce maize, they challenged in a low amount of the production that comes from unknown causes. Therefore, this study was conducted to access the production of smallholder farmers and to identify factors that infl uence production of maize. The study based on the information which collected from 105 randomly selected farmers, using self-administrative questionnaire. The multiple linear regressions were used and identifi ed factors of maize production. In addition, data diagnostics analysis was used to determine the goodness of the regression model on the maize yield. According to the result, the mean production of maize in study was 33.72 quintal per hectare. Additionally, the regression result revealed that productions of maize were signifi cantly infl uenced by the education level of producers, fertilizer use, and variety maize seeds that used since each of them have p-value 0.04, 0.000 and 0.042 respectively. Thus, the study suggested, Mizan-Aman developmental agricultural workers must help the maize producer farmers on education level, fertilizer use and seed of maize to improve their production. Furthermore, education level of the farmers will be improved by give training on farming and farming related technologies.

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Ginger is an important crop that is produced worldwide for both spice and medicine. Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan countries which cultivate and export ginger to other countries. Even though ginger is an essential spice in the country, constraint faced during production reduces its output. Thus, this study aimed to identify the determinants of ginger production in the case of Yeki woreda. Primary data were collected using a self-administrative questionnaire administered on 110 ginger producers selected using a simple random sampling technique. Furthermore, data analysis methods descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were applied. The mean value of ginger yield was 51.74 quintals. The empirical result discovered that fertilizer use (p<0.001), bacteria disease (p<0.0340), education levels (p<0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0009, <0.0034), farm size (p<0.0025), farmer experience (p<0.0003), and weeds (p<0.0018) were signifi cant predictor variables in determining ginger production. Moreover, the result revealed that 85.00% of the discrepancy of ginger production explained by the independent variables included in the multiple linear regression model. Generally, fertilizer use, farm size in a hectare, the experience of farmers, weeds effect, diseases like bacteria wilt, and education level of farmers were the signifi cant factors of ginger output. Therefore, the study recommends the implementation and improvement of ginger production at the producer level by considering the use of fertilizer, farm size, herbicides, education level of farmers, and control bacterial wilt disease. Thus, developmental institutions, agricultural extensions, and governments are advisable to improve the yield of ginger production via controlling the signifi cant determinants.

Despite advancements in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, HIV continues to be a global problem. Antiretroviral therapy is a critical treatment that has been used to treat HIV-infected patients since 1996. Even though an increase in the number of patients enrolled in ART, the mortality rate for HIV cases in Ethiopia has never been overcome. Thus, this study aimed to identify influential factors of death of HIV-infected individuals received antiretroviral therapy at the Tepi General Hospital. The secondary data was extracted from each selected patient for whom the ART was initiated from September 2011 to June 2018. Then, Cox regression technique provided the essential determinants of time to death of HIV-infected patients. The findings revealed that 35.14 percent of HIV patients died despite being on ART. The identified causes of death were being over 40 years old, being in clinical stage IV, being uneducated, having a low body weight, and having a low CD4 cell count. Gender, tuberculosis status, and functional status, on the other hand, were not supported as factors. Thus, age over 40 years, being underweight, having a low baseline CD4 cell count, being in an advanced WHO clinical stage, and having a low education level were identified as critical risk factors that exposed to early death even while on ART. As a result, the hospital advised prioritizing patients based on the identified factors. Keywords: AIDS; Analysis; Biological modeling; Biological activities