Introduction. The authors investigate a wide range of assessment systems in modern education. They analyze and compare changes in educational assessment procedures, taking into account the periodization of their development and modern requirements and standards. The purpose of the article is to identify and clarify various types of assessment systems and assessment procedures in the context of historical development. Materials and Methods. This theoretical research includes analysis, comparison, and generalization of Russian and international studies on the development of assessment systems based on the concept of the historical and socio-cultural determination of education. The study follows systemic, learner-centered and activity-based approaches in order to present the dynamics of the development of educational assessment as a system comprising interconnected parts and socio-psychological factors. Results. The authors clarified the essence of the dual nature of educational assessment as a didactic and socio-psychological phenomenon. They described the relationship between assessment procedures and the quality of modern education. The study identified the main periods in the development of educational assessment based on the criteria for changing the requirements for the content of education, as well as changes in the assessment system regarding tasks, methods, forms of assessment, point scales and methods of motivation. The authors have developed and justified the historical periodization of educational assessment, which includes eight main stages. The main types of assessment including partial assessment, effective assessment, systemic assessment, standardized assessment, formative assessment, summative assessment, evaluation for management, and rating assessment have been identified and described. Conclusions. The article concludes that modern education implements eight main types of assessment, which have been developed in a historical context. At the same time, standardization of education is considered as the main trend in the formation of assessment systems.
Проблема и цель. В статье представлено исследование по проблеме эффективности оценки результатов обучения студентов. Цель статьивыявление параметров оценочной процедуры, обеспечивающих возможность управления её гибкостью с учетом трудозатрат преподавателя. Методология. Исследование проводилось с применением методологии включенного наблюдения и исследования продуктов деятельности. При обработке экспериментальных данных применялись методы математической статистики. Результаты. Автором проанализированы подходы к реализации формирующего оценивания и выявлено, что для мотивации студентов и развивающего эффекта оценка должна обладать гибкостью, т. е. предоставлять возможность выбора индивидуального темпа, интенсивности работ, сложности заданий и обеспечивать своевременность обратной связи. Отмечается, что управление гибкостью оценочной процедуры с учетом трудозатрат преподавателя обеспечивается нормированием сроков сдачи работ и количеством доработок. Выявлено, что можно уменьшить трудозатраты преподавателя без потери гибкости оценки, управляемыми параметрами при этом будут сроки сдачи работ и количество доработок. Заключение. Делаются выводы о том, что для обеспечения эффективности оценки необходимо управлять оценочной процедурой на уровне преподавателя таким образом, чтобы получить оптимальное соотношение уровня гибкости оценки и трудозатрат преподавателя. Ключевые слова: взаимооценивание; гибкая оценка; самооценка; обратная связь; трудозатраты преподавателя; управляющий параметр; формирующее оценивание; эффективность оценки. Варакута Алена Александровнааспирант кафедры педагогики и психологии, Институт истории, гуманитарного и социального образования, старший преподаватель кафедры информатики и дискретной математики, Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет.
The article considers the problem of including universities in the continuous development of pedagogical workers and proposes a model of a scientific and methodological center for supporting of pedagogical workers. The purpose of the article is to describe the model of the scientific and methodological center for supporting pedagogical workers in the process of interaction between a pedagogical university and basic schools, which allows the university to be included in the regional system of continuous development of pedagogical workers. The authors consider the scientific and methodological center for support of pedagogical workers, created on the basis of the university, as a system-forming element of the system of interaction between the university and basic schools, which makes it possible to ensure the coordination of actions of the pedagogical university, regional government bodies, professional associations (communities) of teachers and basic schools. The article reveals the main elements of the center model (principles, directions and lines of interaction, functions and interaction mechanisms) that determine its effectiveness. The proposed model was developed in the course of a study conducted on the basis of the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University in 2021.
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