Background: Regenerative agriculture has gained attention in mainstream media, academic literature, and international politics in recent years. While many practices and outcomes relate to RA, there is no uniform definition of the term, and only a few comprehensive scientific studies exist of "real-life" farms and the complexity of what is considered regenerative management and its impact on soil health. Aims:This study aimed to relate the impact of single and various combinations of regenerative management practices to soil health indicators on Gotland, Sweden.Methods: Soil health of 17 farm fields and six gardens was assessed on 11 farms that had applied regenerative agricultural practices for zero to 30 years. We measured a variety of physical (bulk density , infiltration rate, wet aggregate stability, root depth and abundance, penetration resistance), chemical (pH, electric conductivity, C:N ratio, total organic carbon ) and biological (earthworm abundance, active carbon, microbial biomass carbon) soil indicators. These parameters were related to regenerative practices (reduced tillage, application of organic matter , livestock integration, crop diversity, and share of legumes and perennials) through a combination of hierarchical clustering, Analysis of Variance and Tukey's tests, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regressions.Results: At our study sites, the application of organic matter had a positive impact on bulk density, carbon-related parameters, wet aggregate stability, and infiltration rate, while reduced tillage and increased share of perennials combined had a positive impact on vegetation density, root abundance and depth, and wet aggregate stability. The field plots were divided into four clusters according to their management, and we found significantly higher values of total organic carbon (*), C:N (*), infiltration rate (**), and earthworm abundance (*) for crop-high-org-input, the management cluster with highest values of organic matter application and no tillage. We found significantly higher values of vegetation density (***) and root abundance (**) for perm-cover-livestock, the cluster with no tillage, integration of livestocks, and permanent cover (*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, • p > 0.1). Conclusions:We support existing knowledge on positive impacts of regenerative practices, namely, the addition of an organic amendment that improved C-related parameters,This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

&lt;p&gt;Approximately 8.6% of Swedish agricultural soils are classified as organic soils (Berglund et al. 2010).&amp;#8239;In the early 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, the Swedish government drained peatlands to make land suitable for agricultural production (Berglund 2008). When drained, organic soils are a significant source of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; because of the breakdown of organic materials (Ballantyne et al. 2014). In order to reach climate national and international climate goals, the agricultural sector has the important task of reducing its climate impact and thus greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For this purpose, the European Union and some Nordic countries see potential in changing land use on organic soils to ley production or perennial green fallow as an alternative to rewetting peatlands. However, there is lacking scientific consensus about the effectiveness of reducing GHG emissions using these interventions. In many studies, different sites or years are compared, which limits the comparability between land uses because of the many variables that influence the outcome (Kasimir-Klemedtsson et al. 1997; Maljanen et al. 2001; Lohila et al. 2004; Beetz et al. 2013), and thus the conclusions that can be taken for future policies. This systematic review aims to answer the question of which land use(s) can be suggested as a valid alternative for decreased GHG emissions on organic soils in temperate and boreal climates.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The review will be conducted by establishing a detailed review protocol, following the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) guidelines (Pullin et al. 2022), including a methodology for literature search, eligibility screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal. After implementation of the protocol, and if enough valid data can be found, data synthesis, interpretation and a scientific publication about the outcomes will follow.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sources: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beetz, S., Liebersbach, H., Glatzel, S., Jurasinski, G., Buczko, U., &amp; H&amp;#246;per, H. (2013). Effects of land use intensity on the full greenhouse gas balance in an Atlantic peat bog. &lt;em&gt;Biogeosciences&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;10&lt;/em&gt;(2), 1067&amp;#8211;1082. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1067-2013&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berglund, K. (2008). Torvmarken, en resurs i jordbruket ig&amp;#229;r, idag och &amp;#228;ven i morgon. In &lt;em&gt;Svensk mosskultur - Odling, torvanv&amp;#228;ndning och landskapets f&amp;#246;r&amp;#228;ndring. &lt;/em&gt;(Vol. 41, pp. 483&amp;#8211;498). Runefelt, Leif.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berglund, &amp;#214;., &amp; Berglund, K. (2010). Distribution and cultivation intensity of agricultural peat and gyttja soils in Sweden and estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from cultivated peat soils. &lt;em&gt;Geoderma&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;154&lt;/em&gt;(3), 173&amp;#8211;180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.035&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Andrew S Pullin, Geoff K Frampton, Barbara Livoreil, &amp; Gillian Petrokofsky. (2022). Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in&amp;#160;Environmental Management. &lt;em&gt;Guidelines and Standards for Evidence synthesis in Environmental Management. Version 5.1&lt;/em&gt;. https://environmentalevidence.org/information-for-authors/ [5-01-23]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kasimir-Klemedtsson, &amp;#197;., Klemedtsson, L., Berglund, K., Martikainen, P., Silvola, J., &amp; Oenema, O. (1997). Greenhouse gas emissions from farmed organic soils: a review. &lt;em&gt;Soil Use and Management&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;13&lt;/em&gt;(s4), 245&amp;#8211;250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1997.tb00595.x&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Tuovinen, J.-P., &amp; Laurila, T. (2004). Annual CO2 exchange of a peat field growing spring barley or perennial forage grass. &lt;em&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;109&lt;/em&gt;(D18). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004715&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maljanen, M., Martikainen, P. J., Walden, J., &amp; Silvola, J. (2001). CO2 exchange in an organic field growing barley or grass in eastern Finland. &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;7&lt;/em&gt;(6), 679&amp;#8211;692. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2001.00437.x&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Understanding the compressive behavior of soils is essential for establishing management strategies to reduce the risk of soil compaction. Soil compressive properties such as precompression stress, compression index, and swelling index are used to estimate the stress-strain relationship of soil, i.e., the changes of soil volume as a function of applied stress. However, there is no consensus regarding the influence of basic soil physical properties and conditions, such as soil texture, organic carbon content, clay mineralogy, water content, and bulk density on soil compressive properties. Moreover, soil compressive behavior has been measured following non-standardized methods, for example regarding sample size, loading time, methods to obtain the compressive properties from the stress-strain curve, and stress components and packing state of the soil by which the soil compressive behavior can be expressed. These differences in methodology influence the obtained values of soil compressive properties, make comparisons difficult, and limit our understanding of the soil&amp;#8217;s stress-strain relationship. We conducted a comprehensive literature study in search of quantifications of compressive properties of agricultural and forest soils, such as precompression stress, compression index, and swelling index, in peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, which currently includes more than 200 articles. We systematically collected the compressive properties as well as information on the soil, soil conditions, methodologies, and other relevant information for each of the published studies. A large part of data originates from a limited number of laboratories in Brazil, Denmark, Germany, Iran, and Sweden, while other parts of the world are less or not represented. We find large variability in soil mechanical properties, that is associated both with variability in soil texture and land use but also with methodological issues. Initial soil moisture was identified as a key driver of soil mechanical properties. Our database allows compiling, synthesizing, and analyzing the data in favor of a comprehensive establishment of relationships between basic soil physical attributes and compressive properties. At the same time, the database is used to identify knowledge gaps and future directions for studies. These findings help the potential development of pedotransfer functions to improve estimations of the soil response to compaction, and to provide a research agenda for a more unified approach for the study of soil compressive properties.&lt;/p&gt;