We study the nonrelativistic quantum Coulomb hamiltonian (i.e., inverse of distance potential) in R n , n = 1, 2, 3. We characterize their self-adjoint extensions and, in the unidimensional case, present a discussion of controversies in the literature, particularly the question of the permeability of the origin. Potentials given by fundamental solutions of Laplace equation are also briefly considered.

We study the Laplacian in deformed thin (bounded or unbounded) tubes in R 3 , i.e., tubular regions along a curve r(s) whose cross sections are multiplied by an appropriate deformation function h(s) > 0. One of the main requirements on h(s) is that it has a single point of global maximum. We find the asymptotic behaviors of the eigenvalues and weakly effective operators as the diameters of the tubes tend to zero. It is shown that such behaviors are not influenced by some geometric features of the tube, such as curvature, torsion and twisting, and so a huge amount of different deformed tubes are asymptotically described by the same weakly effective operator.

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The resolvent convergence of self-adjoint operators via the technique of Γ-convergence of quadratic forms is adapted to incorporate complex Hilbert spaces. As an application, we find effective operators to the Dirichlet Laplacian with magnetic potentials in very thin bounded tubular regions in space built along smooth closed curves; relatively weak regularity is asked for the potentials, and the convergence is in the norm resolvent sense as the cross sections of the tubes go uniformly to zero.