No abstract

Performance of photovoltaic generators is affected by, among other factors, surface dust deposition on photovoltaic modules, which causes uniform soft shading, reducing the solar radiation reaching photovoltaic cells. Several researches have demonstrated this effect through studies in specific localities. As deposition of particulate matter varies according to locality, these results cannot be generalized or used in other places, since these studies do not characterize their local dust. Considering these research opportunities, this paper evaluates the deposition effects on photovoltaic modules by different types of dust from anthropogenic activities recurrent in urban areas, a typical situation of distributed microgeneration. Particulate matter of iron ore, building construction, quarry, and mineral coal are characterized morphologically and dimensionally. Then, their effects on photovoltaic module performance are analyzed under different deposition densities according to typical urban deposition rates. The results show that the different dust materials studied attenuate the power generation capacity to different extents, and superficial dust density of the particulate matter also produces different effects. These results can be used in performance and economic feasibility analyzes of photovoltaic generators in different locations with similar pollution characteristics.

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Desde 2014, devido à crise hídrica brasileira, tem sido necessário maior despacho de usinas termelétricas, ocasionando reajustes tarifários de energia elétrica e aumento da emissão de poluentes. Assim, o uso de fontes renováveis vem ganhando espaço e entre elas está a biomassa, muitas vezes descartada inadequadamente. Considerando o aproveitamento de dejetos suínos, biomassa de alto potencial de geração de gás metano, este trabalho analisa a viabilidade de implantação de biodigestores anaeróbicos em residências como forma de geração distribuída. Os resultados indicam que a proposta contribui para redução da emissão de poluentes, trazendo vantagens financeiras ao sistema de saúde, que podem ser convertidas em incentivos aos produtores de energia, tornando o sistema economicamente viável.