Oxidation stability is an important quality parameter for biodiesel. In general, the methods used to evaluate the oxidation stability of oils and biodiesels are time-consuming. This work reports the use of spectrofluorimetry, a fast analytical technique, associated with multivariate data analysis as a powerful analytical tool to prediction of the oxidation stability. The prediction of the oxidation stability showed a good agreement with the results obtained by the EN14112 reference method Rancimat. The models presented high correlation (0.99276 and 0.97951) between real and predicted values. The R(2) values of 0.98557 and 0.95943 indicated the accuracy of the models to predict the oxidation stability of soy oil and soy biodiesel, respectively. The residual distribution does not follow a trend with respect to the predicted variables indicating the good quality of the fits.
© Versita Sp. z o.o. Received 21 February 2012; Accepted 19 April 2012 Keywords: Concentration • Specific gravity • Viscosity • Spectrofluorimetry • Multivariate calibrationRegressions based on fluorescence spectroscopy were developed to provide relatively inexpensive and rapid measurements of the concentration, viscosity, and specific gravity of biodiesel-diesel blends. The methods involved obtaining a mathematical model from spectrofluorimetric data and data from a given property (concentration, dynamic viscosity, or specific gravity) using partial least squares (PLS) regression, which was then applied as a model for predicting properties of interest. The predicted concentrations, dynamic viscosities, and specific gravities of the biodiesel-diesel blends were compared with actual values and agreed reasonably well with the obtained results. The models showed high correlation between real and predicted values. The R-square values near 1 indicated excellent model accuracy for predicting concentrations, specific gravities, and dynamic viscosities of biodiesel-diesel blends. The residual distribution did not follow a trend with respect to the predicted variables, indicating an excellent fit to the data.
RESUMOOs óxidos de enxofre liberados pelos motores dos automóveis são prejudiciais à saúde humana, havendo grande mobilização de utilização de diesel limpo, ou seja, com baixa concentração de enxofre. Este combustível é essencial para o funcionamento de máquinas industriais e de motores em geral, causando contaminação para o meio ambiente. Diante da necessidade de uso deste combustível, se faz necessário a determinação do teor de enxofre utilizando técnicas analíticas para obter esses resultados e caracterizá-los. A determinação do teor de enxofre e a caracterização do diesel ou biodiesel podem ser realizadas por espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR), espectrofluorimetria, FIL e fluorescência de raios-X. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento de patentes que abordam os métodos na determinação de enxofre nos biocombustíveis.Palavras-Chave: Enxofre. Biocombustível. Fluorescência. ABSTRACTSulfur oxides released by car engines are harmful to human health, with large mobilization of clean diesel use, ie with low concentration of sulfur. This fuel is essential for the operation of industrial machines and engines in general, causing contamination of the environment. Faced with the need to use this fuel, it is necessary to determine the sulfur content using analytical techniques to achieve these results and characterize them. The determination of the sulfur content and characterization of the diesel or biodiesel can be made by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), spectrofluorimetry, LIF and fluorescence X-rays. Thus, this study aimed to take stock of patents that discuss the methods in the determination of sulfur in biofuels.
RESUMOFoi realizado o mapeamento tecnológico da determinação de massa específica e viscosidade de óleos, biocombustíveis e combustíveis através de métodos óticos, visando uma visão geral do estado atual de P&D de tecnologias nesta área de estudo. A metodologia de pesquisa consistiu na associação das palavras-chave viscos* e specific* mass* com o código G01N21, que se refere à análise de materiais por meios óticos. Os Estados Unidos se destacou com maior número de patentes depositadas, indicando que tal país está seguro com a apropriação de seus conhecimentos. Das patentes ainda vigentes, a primeira foi requerida em 1949, por Parsons C A & Co Ltda, da Holanda. Se verificou que o depósito de patentes na área de estudo está concentrado nos últimos 5 anos com maior crescimento em 2003.
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