R E S U M OConduziu-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar a concentração de metais pesados no solo, provenientes de resíduos orgânicos, bem como a ocorrência de fitotoxicidade de metais em soja. Os metais no solo foram extraídos por ácidos orgânicos, comumente presentes na rizosfera das plantas. A soja foi cultivada sucessivamente, durante oito anos, e recebeu repetidamente, a aplicação dos resíduos de origem urbana, como lodo de esgoto biodigerido (LB) e lodo de esgoto centrifugado (LC), e de origem industrial, como escória de aciaria (E) e a lama cal (LCal). O experimento foi conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisolo) na UNESP, Botucatu, SP, onde recebeu os resíduos nas doses de zero (controle) 2, 4, e 8 Mg ha Bioavailability of metals using organic acids after successive application of residues in soil A B S T R A C T The experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals in the soil, from organic residues, extracted by organic acids commonly present in the rhizosphere of the plants and also the occurrence of heavy metal phytotoxicity problems in soybeans grown successively after the use of waste from urban, such as biodigested (LB) and centrifuged sewage sludge (LC), industrial steel slag (E) and lime mud (LCal) that were applied over a long period of time. The experiment was conducted in a Red distrophic Latosol (Oxisol), at UNESP in Botucatu, SP. It consisted of four types of waste, applied at zero (control), 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha -1 (dry basis) before the soybean sowing, every two years, since 2002 till 2010, totaling four applications. In the depth analysed, 0 to 0.10 m and 0.10 to 0.20 m, it was evident that the residue which added most metals to the soil, the leaves and the soybean grains was the LB, increasing the Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn concentration, while in the treatment where the steel slag (E) was used, Cr was the main metal released in the soil. The application of lime mud (LCal) did not increase the concentration of metals in the soil. The soybean crop showed concentration of Cr, Ni and Zn, exceeding the maximum permitted limit for food grains, when it received LB, especially in the highest dose of 8. ISSN 1807-1929 v.18, n.12, p.1287-1295, 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v18n12p1287-1295 Introdução A quantidade gerada de resíduos de origem urbana, industrial e agroindustrial e o alto custo dos fertilizantes químicos, tornam cada vez mais atrativa a utilização dos resíduos orgânicos na agricultura; entretanto, a presença de metais pesados pode restringir a sua utilização de vez que pode ser absorvido pela planta e entrar na cadeia alimentar.O aumento na disponibilidade dos metais pelos resíduos ocorre à medida que o solo se acidifica, fato este decorrente da produção de ácidos orgânicos durante o processo de biodegradação da fração orgânica dos resíduos, tal como da nitrificação (Boeira & Souza, 2007). Segundo Basta et al. (2005), a solubilidade e a disponibilidade dos metais pesados provenientes da aplicação de resíduos no solo são go...
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