ResumoO objetivo foi determinar as eficiências de utilização da energia metabolizável para mantença (km) e ganho de peso (kf), as exigências dietéticas de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e proteína metabolizável (PM), assim como, avaliar o modelo Small Ruminant Nutrition System (SRNS) para predizer o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e o ganho médio diário (GMD) de cordeiros Santa Inês, alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (EM). Foram utilizados 35 cordeiros, não castrados, com peso corporal (PC) médio inicial de 14,77 ± 1,26 kg e idade aproximada de dois meses. Inicialmente cinco animais foram abatidos para servirem como referência para as estimativas do peso de corpo vazio (PCVZ) e composição corporal inicial dos 30 animais remanescentes, que foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos (1,13; 1,40; 1,73; 2,22 e 2,60 Mcal/kg MS) e seis repetições. O requerimento de EM para mantença foi de 78,53 kcal/kg PCVZ 0,75 /dia, com uma eficiência de utilização de 66%. O valor médio da eficiência de utilização da EM para ganho de peso foi de 48%. As exigências dietéticas de NDT e PM aumentaram com o acréscimo no PC e no GMD dos animais. O modelo SRNS subestimou o CMS e o GMD dos animais em 6,2% e 24,6%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os valores de km e kf são consistentes com aqueles observados em diversos estudos com cordeiros criados nos trópicos. As exigências dietéticas de NDT e PM de cordeiros Santa Inês para diferentes PC e GMD são, aproximadamente, de 42% e 24%, respectivamente, inferiores àquelas sugeridas pelo sistema americano de avaliação de alimentos e requerimentos nutricionais de pequenos ruminantes. O modelo SRNS foi sensível para predizer o CMS em cordeiros Santa Inês, entretanto, para variável GMD, mais estudos são necessários, uma vez que, o modelo subestimou a resposta dos animais neste estudo. Palavras-chave: Consumo, metabolizabilidade, ovinos, proteína metabolizável
SummaryThe objective of this study was to estimate, through mathematical models, energy and protein requirements for maintenance and gain of hair sheep raised in the tropical region of Brazil. To determine the equation parameters, a meta-analysis of seven independent experiments of nutrient requirements was performed, comprising a total of 243 experimental units (animals), which were conducted under tropical conditions, using hair sheep in growing and finishing phases and endowed of the following quantitative data for each animal: body weight (BW), empty body weight (EBW), average daily gain (ADG), empty body gain (EBG), heat production (HP), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), retained energy (RE), metabolizable protein intake (MPI) and body protein content. The regression equations generated were as follows: for Net Energy for main tenance, . Considering an ADG of 100 g, the NP g requirement ranged from 12.4 to 10.5 g/day for animals with BW ranging from 10 to 40 kg respectively. The total metabolizable energy and protein requirements were lower than those reported by the NRC and AFRC systems. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that nutrient requirements of hair sheep raised in tropical regions differ from wool sheep raised in temperate regions. Therefore, the use of the equations designed in this study is recommended. K E Y W O R D Smeat sheep, nutrient requirements, prediction equations
The protein requirements of hair sheep are a key factor in increasing profitability and decreasing the environmental impacts of nitrogen excretion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein requirements of hair sheep. A database with 382 individual records (269 intact and 113 castrated males) comprising information from 11 studies was used. The studies provided different levels of metabolisable protein intake (MPI) and of N retention, allowing the development of equations to predict the net protein (NP) and the metabolisable protein (MP) requirements. The efficiency of MP use for gain (kpg) was calculated using the equation of daily protein retained against daily MPI above maintenance. The efficiency of MP use for maintenance (kpm) was computed as the ratio between the NP for maintenance (NPm) and the MP for maintenance (MPm). The NPm (1.32 g/kg0.75 EBW) did not differ between sex. The kpm was 0.34, and the kpg was 0.25. The MPm estimated was 3.21 g/kg0.75 BW. Sex affects the protein requirements for gain (NPg). The protein requirements of hair sheep differ from those recommended by feeding systems for sheep. The equations provided herein may improve the optimisation of protein nutrition of sheep, thereby minimising the environmental impacts of sheep production.
Inadequate estimates of fiber and dry matter intake of sheep raised in tropical conditions may explain part of the inefficiency of those production systems. Therefore, we aimed to estimate dry matter intake (DMI) and neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) of hair sheep raised under tropical conditions. A meta-analysis of 61 independent performance experiments, comprising a total of 413 experimental units (treatment means or animals), was performed. Trials were conducted in tropical conditions, using hair sheep in growing and finishing phases and endowed with the following information: neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in diet, initial and final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), DMI and NDFI of treatment means (51 studies) or individual data (10 studies). Data on organic matter and NDF digestibilities were collected to estimate D-value (Dv) and B-value (Bv) (20 and 33 studies, respectively). The equations obtained were: DMI(g/day)=50.5773±71.0504+1.4423±0.1704×ADG+28.4406±2.9697×BW;DMI(g/kgBW)=42.1088±4.7298+0.05516±0.009427×ADG−0.4402±0.1865×BW;NDFI(g/day)=−52.2187±47.7718+1.3773±0.2292×NDF(g/kgDM)−0.0007±0.0002×NDF(g/kgDM)2. DMI (g/kg BW) as a function of Dv (g/kg DM) revealed a quadratic relationship, whose point of maximum DMI (38.69 g/kg BW) was obtained at 634.1 g/kg DM Dv. On the other hand, DMI decreased linearly as Bv (g/kg DM) increased. In conclusion, equations to predict DMI from BW and ADG as well to predict NDFI from dietary NDF were fitted with great accuracy and are recommended for hair sheep raised in tropical regions. DMI values were, in general, greater than those reported by the NRC, AFRC and INRA systems, which may be a reflection of the sheep breeds used in this study. Using Dv and Bv concepts was satisfactory to describe an integrated mechanism between metabolic and bulking regulation of DMI in sheep.
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