O objetivo do estudo foi levantar os principais parasitóides de Chrysomya megacephala, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, devido a importância dessa mosca como vetor de patógenos para o ambiente urbano. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente, no período de agosto de 1999 a julho de 2000, por meio da exposição de larvas e pupas da mosca em carne putrefata. Foram identificadas três espécies de microhimenópteros no local: Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Encyrtidae), Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Pteromalidae) e Nasonia vitripennis (Pteromalidae), cujos testes posteriores poderão mostrar seu potencial para utilização em futuros programas de controle.
-Due to the importance of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) as a pathogenic microoganism vector in large human agglomerations, the objective of this research was to understand the host-parasite relationship under field conditions. Third instar larvae of the fly and putrefying ground beef, replaced every seven days under the same conditions, were placed close to the litter bins, on the campus of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ and the Rio de Janeiro Zoological Garden, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, from August 1999 to July 2000. The pupae taken to the laboratory were screened (fly emergence or not), individualized in gelatin capsules, and placed in a climatic chamber (27°C) for approximately 35 days. After this period, the number of pupae with and without parasitoid emergence was counted and the pupae without emergence were dissected. A natural mean loss of 29.6% of fly larva and pupae was detected when exposed to the external environment compared with 16.5% in the control group. An average of 5.6% of the pupae brougth from the field were parasitized, 77.6% produced flies and 16.8% had no emergence. Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead was a promising natural enemy to C. megacephala, with the largest percentage of parasitized pupae (78.6%) and greater mean number of parasitoids per pupae (15.2). Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) presented lower percentage of parasitism than T. zealandicus, both in IOC and in the ZOO, parasitizing 13.2% and 8.2% of the pupae, with 1.0 and 11.1 parasitoids per pupae, on average, respectively. KEY WORDS: Tachinaephagus zealandicus, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, Nasonia vitripennis, natural loss, parasitoidism RESUMO -Devido à importância de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) como vetor de microrganismos patogênicos em grandes aglomerações humanas, este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer a mortalidade da mosca durante as fases larval e pupal e o seu parasitismo por microhimenópteros. Larvas de C. megacephala de terceiro ínstar, juntamente com seu substrato de criação (carne bovina moída putrefata), foram colocadas por sete dias próximo a lixeiras, no campus do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz /FIOCRUZ e no Jardim Zoológico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, de agosto de 1999 a julho de 2000. As pupas recolhidas após o período em campo foram individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina e mantidas em câmara climática (27°C) por aproximadamente 35 dias. Foi verificado o número de pupas com emergência de moscas, com emergência de parasitóides e pupas sem emergência, sendo as últimas dissecadas. Obteve-se mortalidade média de 29,6% durante a fase larval e pupal das moscas quando expostas ao ambiente externo, contra 16,5% do grupo controle. Das pupas trazidas do campo, 5,6% estavam parasitadas, de 77,6% emergiram moscas e de 16,8% não houve emergência. Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead (Encyrtidae) mostrou-se um promissor inimigo natural de C. megacephala, com a maior percentagem de colonização das pupas parasitadas (78,6%) e maior número médio de parasitóides por pupa ...
ABSTRACT. Population dynamics and parasitism of hymenopterans parasitoids of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. This study was carried out from August 1999 to July 2000 to evaluate the population dynamics and to know the parasitoids of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/ FIOCRUZ) and Jardim Zoológico, in Rio de Janeiro City. Samplings were conducted weekly with third instar larvae of the fly and putrefying ground beef. It was identified three species of hymenopterans parasitoids: Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, 1904 (Encyrtidae), Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani, 1875) (Pteromalidae) and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Pteromalidae). In both sampling areas, T. zealandicus was the species with the highest parasitism rate of C. megacephala, followed by P. vindemiae and N. vitripennis. Parasitoid population decreases drastically in the summer (average temperature = 28°C; precipitation = 6.5 mm). The population peak of parasitoids was verified at the end of autunm and during the whole winter. At Jardim Zoológico, supply of garbage was a strong influence in the population dynamics of himenopteran parasitoids identified in this study, and the population peak in this area was verified in June and July 2000.
Influência do Fotoperíodo na Reprodução e Longevidade de Orius thyestes Herring (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) RESUMO -Várias espécies de Orius Wolff são utilizadas no controle biológico de tripes em cultivos protegidos em regiões temperadas, entretanto algumas delas apresentam diapausa reprodutiva, comprometendo a atuação desses agentes de controle biológico. Não existem relatos sobre a biologia da espécie neotropical Orius thyestes Herring em diferentes condições ambientais. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a influência do fotoperíodo na reprodução e longevidade desse predador. Ninfas foram individualizadas em placas de Petri e mantidas em câmaras climatizadas a 28 ± 1°C, UR de 70 ± 10% e nos fotoperíodos de 12L:12E, 11L:13E, 10L:14E e 09L:15E. Os adultos foram acasalados em placas de Petri contendo inflorescência de Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae como substrato de oviposição e ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) como alimento. Foram avaliados os períodos de pré-oviposição e oviposição, fecundidade e longevidade de fêmeas e machos. Em nenhuma das condições de fotoperíodos avaliadas O. thyestes apresentou diapausa reprodutiva. O número médio de ovos por fêmea diminuiu proporcionalmente ao número de horas de luz, com diferença (P < 0,05) entre os valores obtidos em 12h e 9h de luz. A longevidade de fêmeas e machos do predador sob fotofase de 9h foi menor (P < 0,05) que as longevidades observadas nos demais fotoperíodos testados. O conhecimento sobre a biologia do inimigo natural em diferentes condições permite otimizar a criação massal e prever o desempenho do predador em diferentes fotoperíodos que podem ocorrer ao longo do ano e no interior das casas de vegetação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Predador, fecundidade, fotofase, comportamento, controle biológico ABSTRACT -Several species of Orius Wolff are used in biological control of thrips in protected cultivations in temperate regions, but some of them show reproductive diapause, compromising the efficiency of these agents of biological control. There are no reports on the biology of the neotropical species Orius thyestes Herring under different environmental conditions. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of photoperiod on reproduction and longevity of this predator. Nymphs were kept in petri dishes in climatic chambers at 28 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and under the photoperiods of 12L:12D, 11L:13D, 10L:14D e 09L:15D. The mating adults were kept in petri dishes with Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae inflorescences as oviposition substracts and eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as food. The pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, fecundity and longevity were evaluated and O. thyestes did not show reprodutive diapause in all photoperiod conditions established. The mean number of eggs obtained per female decreased with the reduction of the photophase, with a difference (P < 0.05) between the values obtained in 12h and 9h of photophase. Longevity of females and males under 9h photophase was shorter (P < 0.05) than in all...
An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 26(2): 265-275 (1997) Influence of the Plant Cuttings in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa ) Crop on the Population Fluctuation of Nymphs and Adults of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)ABSTRACT -Population dynamics of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) forma maculata, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) was studied in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) crops for hay production at Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, after 14 cuts, between March, 1993 and March, 1995. Fall and winter were the most favorable seasons for the three species; T. trifolii f. maculata doubled its population from 1st to 2nd year, A. pisum and A. kondoi maintained the same population level. The number at the some age was similar to the three species of aphids, ranging from 64% to 78% for nynphs of the 1st and 2nd instars; from 18% to 26% for 3rd and 4th instars; and from 4% to 10% for adults. Alate occurred in low densities (15%) compared to nymphs of 3rd and 4th instars and adults, always associated to high population densities.There was an overall decrease in the populations of aphids after each cutting, followed by a recovery associated with the development of plants and weather conditions.KEY WORDS: Insecta, Therioaphis trifolii forma maculata, Acyrthosiphon kondoi, Acyrthosiphon pisum.
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