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Nonlinear design and optimization of a Distributed Voltage Controlled Oscillator (DVCO) suitable for Cognitive Radio is presented. Harmonic Balance (HB) based optimization techniques have been used to obtain an optimized design of the DVCO aiming at minimizing the output power variation along the frequency band. A prototype has been built showing good agreement with simulation. The measured DVCO has a frequency tuning range from 0.75 GHz to 1.85 GHz, an average dissipation of 59 mW, and an average output power of 5.2 dBm. The average measured phase noise at 1 MHz offset from the carrier across the tuning range is -111.2 dBc/Hz.

A detailed nonlinear analysis and design of a distributed voltage controlled oscillator (DVCO) is presented in this work. The analysis and design of the DVCO is performed using harmonic balance-based simulation techniques and envelope transient simulation. These techniques are used to make a complete nonlinear study of the behavior of the DVCO. Using the proposed nonlinear tools, a DVCO operating in the frequency tuning range between 1 and 2 GHz has been implemented in order to support the simulation results. The average output power and consumption along the frequency band for the designed DVCO are 5.2 dBm and 60.4 mW, respectively.

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