The nature of Time is often at the root of the physical debate and possibly sits at the core of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics frameworks incompatibility. In the context of the Free Will theorem and of a spacetime described through information, we identify in a thick present the only quantum information potential needed to describe evolution. The analysis of undefined causal orders (through a quantum Controlled-NOT gate and the evolution of the information along an imaginary time) allowed us to describe entanglement (both in space position and time order) as the potential related to an open choice and expressed in a CTC, which develops in a non-local imaginary space within the thick present considered.

We investigate the possible ontological nature of information in the emergence of spacetime and matter. We propose a framework inspired by Telecommunication Networks, in which all information is considered through Network Entities at different level of abstractions and with characteristics encodings. We describe the principles behind Internet and consider several parallels between the natural world and a description based on networks and shared information. We extend this paradigm towards quantum foundations and propose a fundamental network encoding in a holographic perspective the information of entanglement among virtual atoms of space. We propose an elementary protocol to allow a coherent description of an imaginary space from each node, encoded as a logically consistent potential in the global network. We consider particles from the perspective of this network and propose a relation of matter with a gradient of entanglement in the imaginary space. We elaborate on the possible description of matter particles as independent Networks Entities emerging locally with features beyond the fundamental network. The introduced framework could be a promising path to describe the emergence of a complex universe from information through the language of telecommunication networks. We believe this perspective can connect several areas of research and deserves further investigation, briefly outlined in the final part.

This paper elaborates on the interpretation of time and entanglement, offering insights into the possible ontological nature of information in the emergence of spacetime, towards a quantum description of gravity. We first investigate different perspectives on time and identify in the idea of a “thick present” the only element of reality needed to describe evolution, differences, and relations. The thick present is connected to a spacetime information “sampling rate”, and it is intended as a time symmetric potential bounded between a causal past of irreversible events and a still open future. From this potential, spacetime emerges in each instant as a space-like foliation (in a description based on imaginary paths). In the second part, we analyze undefined causal orders to understand how their potential could persist along the thick present instants. Thanks to a C-NOT logic and the concept of an imaginary time, we derive a description of entanglement as the potential of a logically consistent open choice among imaginary paths. We then conceptually map the imaginary paths identified in the entanglement of the undefined orders to Closed Time-like Curves (CTC) in the thick present. Considering a universe described through information, CTC are interpreted as “memory loops”, elementary structures encoding the information potential related to the entanglement in both time and space, manifested as undefined causality and non-locality in the emerging foliation. We conclude by suggesting a possible extension of the introduced concepts in a holographic perspective.

We suggest a framework that models the universe as a Telecommunication Network, with several layers of abstraction, characteristic protocols and encoding schemes. We first define a fundamental network of atoms of space (Present foliation) as a toy model of the most elementary abstraction on spacetime. We describe a protocol to encode the information of distance, non-locality, and entanglement among these nodes. In this framework, we then conjecture the emergence of fermions from gradients of entanglement in the foliation, encoded as momenta in the fundamental network. We propose an interpretation of the asymmetry and of the half spin of matter in the model, towards a description of fermions as independent Network Entities, adjacent possible complexities from the most fundamental abstraction. We conclude our contribution considering several parallels between Nature and nodes in a layered network. The proposed framework seems a promising path to describe the emergence of a universe from information through the language of networks. We believe this perspective can connect several areas of research and deserves further investigation.

We elaborate on the compatibility of a Presentism perspective with Special Relativity. Specifically, we first introduce a description of evolution in present instants and connect it with the recent studies on the discreteness of time and space. Then, to interpret time dilations and length contractions in Presentism, we consider the perspective of a free massive particle. In the context of a finite information density, we describe how a discrete, relational, and relativistic spacetime emerges from the sampling of information in a 3D imaginary space lattice evolving in atomic present instants.