was last evaluated revealed whether evidence gaps have been addressed and highlighted remaining uncertainties. Conclusions During the past decade, new research addressed many of the 2009 recommendations, and supported updated classifications for several priority agents. This supports future efforts to systematically apply the findings of monograph reviews to the identification of research gaps and priorities, including with regard to advances in understanding mechanisms of carcinogenesis and their application in evaluation criteria established in the updated IARC Monograph preamble.