Background Screening for breast cancer and cervical cancer in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union is largely opportunistic, and countries in the region have among the highest cervical cancer incidence in the WHO European Region. We aimed to compare the stage-specific distributions and changes over time in breast cancer and cervical cancer incidence in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union.Methods We collected breast cancer and cervical cancer incidence data from official statistics from Armenia,

BackgroundReaching an acceptable participation rate in screening programs is challenging. With the objective of supporting the Belarus government to implement mammography screening as a single intervention, we analyse the main determinants of breast cancer screening participation.MethodsWe developed a discrete choice experiment using a mixed research approach, comprising a literature review, in-depth interviews with key informants (n = 23), “think aloud” pilots (n = 10) and quantitative measurement of stated preferences for a representative sample of Belarus women (n = 428, 89% response rate). The choice data were analysed using a latent class logit model with four classes selected based on statistical (consistent Akaike information criterion) and interpretational considerations.ResultsWomen in the sample were representative of all six geographic regions, mainly urban (81%), and high-education (31%) characteristics. Preferences of women in all four classes were primarily influenced by the perceived reliability of the test (sensitivity and screening method) and costs. Travel and waiting time were important components in the decision for 34% of women. Most women in Belarus preferred mammography screening to the existing clinical breast examination (90%). However, if the national screening program is restricted in capacity, this proportion of women will drop to 55%. Women in all four classes preferred combined screening (mammography with clinical breast examination) to single mammography. While this preference was stronger if lower test sensitivity was assumed, 28% of women consistently gave more importance to combined screening than to test sensitivity.ConclusionWomen in Belarus were favourable to mammography screening. Population should be informed that there are no benefits of combined screening compared to single mammography. The results of this study are directly relevant to policy makers and help them targeting the screening population.

BackgroundProstate cancer incidence varies internationally largely attributable to differences in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) use. The aim of this study was to provide the most recent detailed international epidemiological comparison of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in six north-eastern European countries (Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Russian Federation and Ukraine).MethodsThe number of incident prostate cancer cases was obtained from the countries national cancer registries. Prostate cancer mortality and corresponding population data were extracted from the WHO Mortality Database. Age-specific and age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated (European Standard). The joinpoint regression model was used to provide an average annual percentage change and to detect points in time where significant changes in trends occurred. The observation period was between 13 (Ukraine) and 48 (Estonia) years regarding incidence and around 30 years regarding mortality.ResultsThe comparison of prostate cancer incidence in six European countries showed almost sixfold differences in the age-adjusted rates in most recent years with highest incidence rates in Lithuania and Estonia. Through the observation period, overall a continuous rise was seen in incidence in all countries and a continuous rise in mortality, with a stabilisation in Estonia and a decrease in Lithuania in recent years. Data limitations included a descriptive design using ecological data.ConclusionsA widespread use of PSA testing seems to be responsible for the changes in the epidemiology of the disease in north-eastern European countries. Substantial variation in the incidence of prostate cancer in the Baltic states suggests the possibility that PSA performance and utilisation spread have had a major influence on observed incidence trends, with a lack of effect on prostate cancer mortality.

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В исследовании представлен анализ заболеваемости населения Республики Беларусь (1990−2018 гг.) злокачественными новообразованиями легкого и бронхов. Для оценки первичной заболеваемости новообразованиями бронхов и легкого использовались грубые интенсивные показатели на 100 тыс. соответствующего среднегодового показателя населения с учетом пола и места постоянного проживания на момент заболевания. Для сравнения использовались стандартизованные по возрасту показатели на 100 тыс. населения по мировому стандарту (ASR World). Выявлено выраженное снижение стандартизированных показателей заболеваемости среди мужчин, проживающих в городах, тогда как среди мужчин, проживающих в селах, заболеваемость за исследуемый период увеличилась. Среди женского населения отмечена тенденция роста заболеваемости как в городах, так и в сельской местности. Отмечено значительное превышение заболеваемости сельского населения по сравнению с городским, при этом различия со временем нарастают. Значительное превышение уровня заболеваемости сельских жителей и его снижение среди жителей городов не укладывается в общепринятые представления о доминирующем влиянии «городских» экологических факторов на увеличение риска заболевания раком легкого. Таким образом, представленная оценка заболеваемости раком бронхов и легкого актуальна и является основой для последующего изучения этиологических причин развития заболевания среди различных контингентов населения.Ключевые слова: злокачественные новообразования бронхов и легкого; заболеваемость; факторы риска.О б р а з е ц ц и т и р о в а н и я: