We present the first comprehensive taxonomic revision and review the biology of the olingos, the endemic Neotropical procyonid genus Bassaricyon, based on most specimens available in museums, and with data derived from anatomy, morphometrics, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, field observations, and geographic range modeling. Species of Bassaricyon are primarily forest-living, arboreal, nocturnal, frugivorous, and solitary, and have one young at a time. We demonstrate that four olingo species can be recognized, including a Central American species (Bassaricyon gabbii), lowland species with eastern, cis-Andean (Bassaricyon alleni) and western, trans-Andean (Bassaricyon medius) distributions, and a species endemic to cloud forests in the Andes. The oldest evolutionary divergence in the genus is between this last species, endemic to the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, and all other species, which occur in lower elevation habitats. Surprisingly, this Andean endemic species, which we call the Olinguito, has never been previously described; it represents a new species in the order Carnivora and is the smallest living member of the family Procyonidae. We report on the biology of this new species based on information from museum specimens, niche modeling, and fieldwork in western Ecuador, and describe four Olinguito subspecies based on morphological distinctions across different regions of the Northern Andes.

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Legality, Vol.24, No.1, Maret 2016-Agustus 2016, hlm. 120-137 120 UPAYA MENEKAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN SERTA PEMERATAAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI BERBASIS ZAKAT Dwi Ratna Indri Hapsari Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246 Malang Abstract Poverty is a state of people who are not able to meet their needs. As a result, people cannot live a decent so that their standard of living decline. Differences of community groups with specific earnings income gaps cause problems. Therefore, the necessary role of government in equalizes the distribution of income distribution. Starting from the economic problems then came the idea of sharia, namely optimization zakat is obligatory for Muslims to remember Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. Indonesia is not a religious country, but a country with a predominantly Muslim, the middle ground is needed, namely the role of the state and society in the two positions together. When zakat management is conducted in accordance with Islamic law, the mandate, expediency principle, justice and the rule of law as well as integrated it can undoubtedly reduce poverty and income inequality in Indonesian. Abstrak Kemiskinan merupakan keadaan masyarakat yang tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Akibatnya, masyarakat tidak dapat hidup secara layak sehingga taraf hidupnya menurun. Perbedaan kelompok masyarakat dengan penghasilan tertentu menimbulkan permasalahan kesenjangan penghasilan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peran pemerintah dalam memeratakan penyaluran distribusi pendapatan. Berawal dari permasalahan ekonomi tersebut kemudian muncul gagasan syariah yaitu pengoptimalan zakat yang merupakan kewajiban bagi umat Islam mengingat Indonesia merupakan negara dengan penduduk beragama Islam terbanyak di Dunia. Indonesia bukan negara agama, tetapi negara dengan mayoritas berpenduduk Muslim, diperlukan jalan tengah, yakni peran negara dan masyarakat dalam dua posisi yang bersinergi. Ketika pengelolaan zakat dilaksanakan sesuai dengan syariat Islam, amanah, berasaskan kemanfaatan, keadilan dan kepastian hukum serta terintegrasi maka niscaya dapat menekan angka kemiskinan dan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Kata kunci: kemiskinan, pembangunan ekonomi, zakat, kesejahteraan