Two experimental variables were combined in a factorial design to study their effects on measures of emotionality and stress. These were infantile handling versus no handling of rats, and rearing of the animals in either a standard laboratory cage or a small mouse cage between weaning and 53 days of age ( N = 12 Holtzman rats per group, with equal numbers of males and females). On Days 42-45, the animals were given daily tests in the open field. On Days 45-53, they were put on a 47 hr food and water deprivation schedule. All animals were sacrificed on Day 53 and autopsied for ulceration. Analysis of the dependent measures revealed that rats handled prior to weaning were more active than nonhandled controls in the open field apparatus; animals housed in standard laboratory cages after weaning were more active than rats housed in small cages; and females were more active than males. Weight retention data indicated that the preweaning experience, postweaning housing condition, and sex of the animal influenced the pattern of weight loss over 8 days of deprivation. The ulceration analysis revealed that preweaning handling alone was effective in reducing starvation induced ulcerogenesis.Rats handled prior to weaning can be differentiated in adulthood on various behavioral and physiological indices (Bovard, 1958, Denenberg, 1964. The effect of this experimental manipulation is to produce organisms which are less reactive in

Two tests of creativity (complexity-simplicity preferences, and a true-false personality questionnaire), one test of intelligence (Stanford-Binet IQ) and one achievement test (Stanford Achievement Test, Advanced Battery Partial: KM-3) were administered to 62 high school students. Six 2 × 2 analyses of variance were computed for each achievement subtest, with high and low creativity and high and low IQ as independent variables. It was found that IQ was significant for 5 of the 6 subtests: paragraph meaning, word meaning, spelling, language, and arithmetic computation, while creativity was significantly related to scores on arithmetic reasoning. There were no significant IQ × creativity interactions, although low IQ-low creativity Ss had the lowest scores on all six subtests.

No abstract

This study sought to expand work by Kamano ( I ) , who used the Draw-A-Person Test in conjunction with the Semantic Differential and concluded that Ss (schizophrenics) analyzed their drawings consistent with their self-concepts. The present study used 20 members of an introductory psychology class as 8s. The relation between Ss' ratings of the DAP, their self-concept, and judges' ratings of the drawings was sought. The prediction that Ss would rate themselves and the drawings similarly was upheld for the potency factor. There was interjudge reliability for this factor. The prediction that there would be a difference between judges' and Ss' ratings was not supported.

Relationships among 6 measures of temporal perspective and 9 personality variables were examined separately for male and female college students, and a factor analysis of scores was carried out. Scores (males: ns = 49 to 54; females: ns = 81 to 121) on temporal perspective instruments were significantly related to personality variables, although not in any consistent manner. The factor analysis showed different measures of temporal perspective to share little common meaning. The presumed unitary nature of the concept is challenged.