<p style="text-align: justify;">Esta investigación titulada: “Producción de biogás con estiércol de cerdo a partir de un biodigestor en la Granja EMAVIMA Jipijapa – Ecuador”, se basó en que resulta necesario la aplicación de una gestión integral de los residuos orgánicos generado en los establecimientos ganaderos, tomando como objetivo la valorización de los mismos atendiendo a aquellos procesos de reutilización y tratamiento en su forma química, física, biología y energética. La hipótesis fue diseñada para confirmar la producción de biogás, para generar energía mediante el tratamiento biológico del estiércol de cerdos y generar beneficios ambientales en el recinto San Carlos. La metodología utilizada evidencia el cumplimiento de los objetivos y de la hipótesis planteada, los métodos utilizados en esta investigación fueron: bibliográfico, inductivo, deductivo y descriptivo; el tipo de investigación fue de campo y experimental,donde se logró obtener la producción total de estiércol, la cantidad de gas licuado de petróleo (GLP) consumida por año, carga diaria, el volumen en metros cúbicos de producción diaria de biogás. Mediante la generación del biogás se logra atender un problema fundamental en la producción de ganado porcino como es el manejo de desechos y a su vez favorecer el rendimiento económico del establecimiento y reduciendo la contaminación ambiental en el recinto San Carlos de Jipijapa.</p>
In many tropical regions, national forests plantation programs have been promoted. Those plantations frequently contribute to habitat changes. However, the associated effects of forest plantations on habitat fragmentation and landscape connectivity are unclear. From 2008 to 2018, we examined land use changes, plantations, and deforestation of the Manabí province (Ecuador) provided by the Ecuadorian Ministry of the Environment. Four scenarios were created: (i) land uses in 2008, (ii) land uses in 2018, (iii) land uses in 2018 without deforestation, and iv) land uses in 2018 including reforestation. Fragmentation and connectivity metrics were analyzed using ArcGisPro and Graphad 2.6 software, respectively. Puma yagouaroundi was selected as the reference species. At regional scale, forest plantations had a significant effect on land uses changes and fragmentation during the study period. Forests decreased from 33.7% to 32.4% between 2008 and 2018, although other natural land uses, mostly those involving shrubs, increased by almost double (from 2.4% to 4.6%). Most of the deforestation affected native forests during this period, and most reforested areas in 2018 covered former agricultural land. Fragmentation decreased in the number of patches and increased in the average patch size. When considering reforestation, deforestation was higher than the reforested area (58 km2 of difference), increasing the number of patches but with smaller size. Reforestation increased connectivity with a higher number of links and distance, particularly in central and extreme northeast areas of Manabí province. The scenario without deforestation also increased connectivity for Puma yagouaroundi in the west part of the Manabí province. Our findings suggest that forest plantations contribute to forest conservation by increasing the connectivity between fragmented patches.
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