No abstract

No abstract

High-throughput transparent and flexible electronics are essential technologies for next-generation displays, semiconductors, and wearable bio-medical applications. However, to manufacture a high-quality transparent and flexible electrode, conventional annealing processes generally require 5 min or more at a high temperature condition of 300 °C or higher. This high thermal budget condition is not only difficult to apply to general polymer-based flexible substrates, but also results in low-throughput. Here, we report a high-quality transparent electrode produced with an extremely low thermal budget using Xe-flash lamp rapid photonic curing. Photonic curing is an extremely short time (~ μs) process, making it possible to induce an annealing effect of over 800 °C. The photonic curing effect was optimized by selecting the appropriate power density, the irradiation energy of the Xe-flash lamp, and Ag layer thickness. Rapid photonic curing produced an ITO–Ag–ITO electrode with a low sheet resistance of 6.5 ohm/sq, with a high luminous transmittance of 92.34%. The low thermal budget characteristics of the rapid photonic curing technology make it suitable for high-quality transparent electronics and high-throughput processes such as roll-to-roll.

γ-glycine (GG) was synthesized from α-glycine in an aqueous solution of strontium chloride. A solubility study of the synthesized GG sample was conducted at various temperatures ranging from 30 to 55 °C. The saturated solution of GG was prepared using solubility data, and single crystals of GG were grown over a period of three weeks by the slow evaporation method at room temperature. The grown GG crystals were characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis, UV–visible transmittance studies, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis studies, dielectric studies and Fourier transform infrared studies. The mechanical behavior of the crystals was assessed by Vickers microhardness measurements. The second-harmonic generation efficiency of the sample was measured using a Nd:YAG laser and the value was observed to be larger than that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP).

New experiments reveal a close connection between the nonadiabatic dynamics of C–I bond fission and HI elimination in the photodissociation of branched iodoalkanes.