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The study reveals the features of the pandemic’s impact on various countries’ economic systems. The pandemic’s limitations on the state’s development are systematized. Methods for adapting the state’s economic system to epidemic threats are proposed. A comparative analysis of social and economic indicators showing the development of such countries as Russia, the United States of America, China, Germany, India, and Brazil in 2019‒2021 is conducted in order to detect the issues caused by the coronavirus pandemic. It is concluded that the death rate is lower in developed countries with advanced healthcare systems. At the high epidemic threat stage, there was a deterioration in the nominal gross domestic product growth rate, with China and Germany demonstrating the most adequate performance. The decrease in industrial production during the pandemic demonstrates a previous trend in many countries, which recovers after the pandemic. The negative impact on gross fixed capital formation turned out to be minimal in most countries’ economies. The study determined that the pandemic caused an increase in global unemployment in 2020 and 2021. China demonstrated the best inflation management performance, while other countries continue to face inflation as a threat. Depending on the economic development issues, a set of measures is proposed to adapt economic systems to the changing environment.

Subject. The article discusses the assumptions and methods for measuring the fair value of assets for various purposes in the Russian practice. Objectives. The study analyzes and examines the application, concept and methods for the fair value measurement. We also suggest how entities should avoid errors in financial and administrative decision-making processes, when referring to the fair value. Methods. In this study, we rely upon the methods of synthesis, deduction, induction, and analysis of relevant special literature and regulatory documents. Results. The Russian practices of fair value were found to have several practical applications, which differ by purpose, substance and generation techniques, which cause identical assets to be different in value, and incorrect financial decisions. The assumption on the open market sale or sale between a certain seller and buyer, and the application/non-application of the best use principle were discovered to serve as key criteria and reasons generating the fair value, which causes its measurements to differ. The article provides the rationale for ensuring the consistency of the substance and methodology for the fair value generation for various purposes in the Russian regulatory documents or using the alternative terminology to denote the value generated differently from the fair value at the initial source. Conclusions. The conclusions can serve for further formulating theoretical principles for fair value measurements in financial accounting of profit-making entities and public institutions. They also can be used to measure the fair value of pledges, converge or develop new regulatory documents in Russia in terms of the substance and methodology for measuring the fair value, preventing errors in financial and administrative decision-making based on the fair value of assets, which is measured for various purposes.

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Digitalization has become inevitable as the demand for digital services increases. The purpose of the article is to study the development dynamics of Russian digital segment during and after the pandemic and to predict the vector of its long-term development. The authors provide evidence of dualism: on one hand, the pandemic led to new restrictions in the development of entrepreneurial activity; on the other hand, the change in demand and the high adaptability of business structures made it possible to expand the digital segment of Russian small and medium-sized businesses. The authors use methods of systematization, comparison, economic analysis, graphical method and systematic approach. The development of the Russian digital entrepreneurship sector in the context of digitalization of internal business processes, consumer communication processes, and external relations is analyzed. The authors conclude that digital technologies have high potential for the development of Russian small and medium-sized businesses and provide recommendations on the implementation of state policy measures aimed at optimizing the development of digital entrepreneurship in Russia.