The article presents the results of a study of the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) when used in military personnel undergoing military service on conscription. From 300 military personnel consistently vaccinated with one and two components of Gam-COVID-Vac at the intervals of 21 days, blood serum was obtained and examined three times: before vaccination, and 30 and 60 days after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine. In the blood serums, the content of Class G antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 was determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. After immunization with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine, the average geometric titer of Class G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 -in the blood serum of a military personnel obtained during the second and third examinations (5.02 log2 and 5.67 log2) increased by 2.4 and 2.7 times, respectively (p 0.05), compared to the same indicator before the vaccination (2.11 log2). Total of 30 days after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine (Nine days after the introduction of the second component of the vaccine), Class G antibodies to the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the 86.7% of military personnel, and after 60 days in 92% of vaccinated. Studies have revealed moderate reactogenicity of the vaccine. Moreover, the proportion of postvaccination reactions in the first 35 days after the introduction of the second component of the vaccine was less after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine. So, if after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine, an increase in body temperature 37 C was observed in 20% of military personnel, then after the introduction of the second component only in 9%, and the share of local reactions decreased from 94%. There have been no cases of serious adverse events after immunization of military personnel with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine.

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Against the background of the global spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the prevention of infections with airborne mechanisms of transmission has become a priority in the Armed Forces. The development of effective COVID-19 prevention measures requires consideration of the peculiarities of military service and everyday life due to the inability of organized military collectives to comply with the requirements of the lockdown regime introduced at the peak of morbidity by the civilian health system. The patterns of incidence of COVID-19 in military personnel of the Western Military District in organized military collectives were studied in relation to the conditions of training and combat activities and the characteristics of military service. It was found that the dynamics of the incidence of COVID-19 among military personnel of the Western Military District in 20202021 exhibited a wave-like character and included four epidemic rises that coincided with epidemic waves among the civilian population. At the same time, from April to December 2020, the morbidity rate in military personnel was significantly higher than that in the general population, and from January to December 2021 against the background of mass vaccination of military personnel against COVID-19, the incidence rate in military personnel decreased by 50% relative to that in the general population. The effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures has increased significantly in recent months. The average number of patients in the epidemic outbreak decreased by 46.3%, the average duration of the outbreak decreased by 12.4%, and the proportion of group morbidity in the structure of the overall incidence of COVID-19 decreased by 19.8%. It is shown that the incidence of COVID-19 in various types of military collectives depends on the conditions of military service and the specifics of daily activities. The highest epidemiological significance of COVID-19 was detected in military units of constant readiness, as well as in medical and military educational organizations.

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The recent vaccination campaign targeting the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) carried out in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, on the background of the current unstable global pandemic situation, makes it necessary to study post-vaccination population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and thus identify key features of immunity in organized military collectives. In the future, this will make it possible to objectively assess the risks of a worsening pandemic situation, effectively adjust the ongoing sanitary and anti-epidemic measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of military personnel, as one of the main conditions for maintaining the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. During a study conducted on epidemic indications, it was found that vaccination with Gam-Covid-Vac contributes to the formation of collective immunity with 95% effectiveness. A gender-based analysis of the immune response showed that the proportion of persons who lack class G immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 among females is twice than that among men (9.3% and 4.7%, respectively). Seroprevalence indicators, classified by blood group, range from 94.4% (AB (IV) Rh) to 97.4% (A (II) Rh). There were no significant differences in seroprevalence between groups of people with different blood groups; however, the highest value of seroprevalence was seen among military personnel with blood group A (II) Rh. In this context, it is advisable to continue monitoring the formation of immunity in individuals with various blood groups. The results obtained made it possible to form a primary medical and social portrait of a serviceman with the most adequate immune response to the introduction of the Gam-Covid-Vac vaccine (a man under the age of 20 with blood type A (II) Rh) and to draw a conclusion about the high effectiveness of vaccination in military units (formations) staffed by conscripts and military educational organizations.