The objective of this study was to analyze regional variations of magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation times (T1ρ and T2) in hip joint cartilage of healthy volunteers and subjects with femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). Morphological and quantitative images of the hip joints of 12 healthy volunteers and 9 FAI patients were obtained using a 3 T MR scanner. Both femoral and acetabular cartilage layers in each joint were semi-automatically segmented on sagittal 3D high-resolution spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) images. These segmented regions of interest (ROIs) were automatically divided radially into twelve equal sub-regions (300 intervals) based on the fitted center of the femur head. The mean value of T1ρ/T2 was calculated in each subregion after superimposing the divided cartilage contours on the MR relaxation (T1ρ/T2) maps to quantify the relaxation times. T1ρ and T2 relaxation times of the femoral cartilage were significantly higher in FAI subjects compared to healthy controls (39.9 ± 3.3 msec in FAI vs. 35.4 ± 2.3 msec in controls for T1ρ (P = 0.0020); 33.9 ± 3.1 msec in FAI vs. 31.1 ± 1.7 msec in controls for T2 (P = 0.0160)). Sub-regional analysis showed significantly different T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in the anterior-superior region (R9) of the hip joint cartilage between subjects with FAI and healthy subjects, suggesting possible regional differences in cartilage matrix composition between these two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that subregional analysis in femoral cartilage was more sensitive in discriminating FAI joint cartilage from that of healthy joints than global analysis of the whole region (T1ρ: area under the curve (AUC) = 0.981, P = 0.0001 for R9 sub-region; AUC = 0.901, P = 0.002 for whole region; T2: AUC = 0.976, P = 0.0005 for R9 sub-region; AUC = 0.808, P = 0.0124 for whole region). The results of this study demonstrated regional variations in hip cartilage composition using MR relaxation times (T1ρ and T2) and suggested that analysis based on local regions was more sensitive than global measures in subjects with and without FAI.

Objective Preliminary study to investigate the differences in hip movement patterns during different daily and athletic activities in individuals with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with and without cartilage lesions compared with controls. Design Controlled laboratory study using a Cross-sectional design. Setting Research Institution with Tertiary Care Medical Center. Participants Fifteen subjects [M:F – 13:2, Age- 31.6±9.7 years (22-52), BMI- 24.9±4.6 (18.8-38.4), FAI: Control = 7:8]. Methods All subjects had 3-Tesla MR imaging of the hip and also underwent 3-D motion capture during walking, deep-squat and drop landing tasks. Experienced radiologists graded cartilage lesions on clinical MR images. Outcomes Peak kinematic and kinetic variables were compared between those with and without FAI, and those with FAI and cartilage lesions compared to subjects without cartilage lesions. Results Subjects with FAI demonstrated no significant differences for walking or drop-landing compared to controls. However, during deep-squat, subjects with FAI adducted more and had greater internal rotation moment. Subjects with cartilage lesions in the presence of a cam-lesion demonstrated - no difference for walking; greater adduction, greater internal rotation moment and lower transverse plane range of motion during deep-squat; and greater adduction and lower internal rotation during drop-landing, compared to those without cartilage lesions. Conclusions We observed differences in movement patterns between subjects with FAI compared to controls. However, the differences were more pronounced between subjects with FAI who had cartilage lesions compared to subjects who did not have cartilage lesions. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex interplay between bony morphology, cartilage lesions, and movement patterns in individuals with cam-type FAI.

Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia do exist in children of developed country. The potential for xerophthalmia should be considered, and there should be a consideration of an ophthalmology review.

Rh D prophylaxis has increased positive DAT results, which may increase the number of unnecessary bilirubin measurements. A low or high DAT grade is strongly predictive of whether an infant does or does not require phototherapy. However, an intermediate DAT requires concomitant bilirubin measurements to determine phototherapy requirements.

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