Previous research on the Antikythera Mechanism established a highly complex ancient Greek geared mechanism with front and back output dials. The upper back dial is a 19-year calendar, based on the Metonic cycle, arranged as a five-turn spiral. The lower back dial is a Saros eclipse-prediction dial, arranged as a four-turn spiral of 223 lunar months, with glyphs indicating eclipse predictions. Here we add surprising findings concerning these back dials. Though no month names on the Metonic calendar were previously known, we have now identified all 12 months, which are unexpectedly of Corinthian origin. The Corinthian colonies of northwestern Greece or Syracuse in Sicily are leading contenders-the latter suggesting a heritage going back to Archimedes. Calendars with excluded days to regulate month lengths, described in a first century bc source, have hitherto been dismissed as implausible. We demonstrate their existence in the Antikythera calendar, and in the process establish why the Metonic dial has five turns. The upper subsidiary dial is not a 76-year Callippic dial as previously thought, but follows the four-year cycle of the Olympiad and its associated Panhellenic Games. Newly identified index letters in each glyph on the Saros dial show that a previous reconstruction needs modification. We explore models for generating the unusual glyph distribution, and show how the eclipse times appear to be contradictory. We explain the four turns of the Saros dial in terms of the full moon cycle and the Exeligmos dial as indicating a necessary correction to the predicted eclipse times. The new results on the Metonic calendar, Olympiad dial and eclipse prediction link the cycles of human institutions with the celestial cycles embedded in the Mechanism's gearwork.

In the UK and internationally, there are concerns for the quality of health care available to people with mental health problems. A number of surveys and reports suggest that hospital admission for acute psychiatric care can be stigmatizing and non-therapeutic. This paper describes the setting up and progress to date, of an ongoing qualitative research study carried out in Wales. The study explores service users' subjective experience of shame before, during and after psychiatric hospital admission. The research study's aims are to learn about situations that might influence quality of care because of shame experienced by individuals and groups of people. The study also seeks to explore specifically ways that relationships with healthcare professionals are influenced because of shame related experiences. This paper reports on phase one of the study, service users views and reviews acknowledged benefits and difficulties experienced to date. Both phases of the study encompassed mixed membership focus groups conducted by both researchers. Although the data analysis is still in progress, provisional findings of this research study suggest that an awareness of the complexities in relation to ways shame is aroused in individuals and groups of people because of mental health problems could contribute to improving the quality of care provided to service users, before, during and after hospital treatment and care. Although not initially part of the study's intentions, the views of all focus group participants so far indicate that collaborative research is found to be empowering. Information gained to date indicates that we will gain a better understanding of situations that provoke feelings of shame in established service users and those experiencing emotional distress for the first time.

Nursing knowledge concerning many aspects of clinical supervision is increasing because of research. Much of the literature suggests that clinical supervision is scholarly activity requiring much the same attention to relationships as the therapeutic activities it supports. This discussion concludes with the idea that clinical supervision might work at its best as a quiet activity allowing nurses to think about nursing work in ways that suit individual learning styles.

This is a report of an interpretative study that explored some 'lived experiences' of community Macmillan nurses as they recounted them during clinical supervision meetings. This discussion is concerned with serious illness, dying and bereavement and the potential of supervision to reach the 'life-world' of professional practice but also potential benefits for Macmillan nurses. Accounts of professional practice are considered in the context of clinical supervision meetings. Five nurses--four women and one man--undertook individual clinical supervision with the researcher for 6 months over three phases for 18 months in total. Meetings took place in the clinics and health centres in which the Macmillan nurses worked. The method of clinical supervision drew on and developed established ideas from the health science literatures to guide supervisory practice. A synthesis of psychoanalytic ways of thinking and existential phenomenology provided a framework for understanding the data. Five salient themes were identified as emerging from accounts of professional practice: Biographical Determinants, Compulsion, Existential Concerns, Empathic Insufficiency in the Organisation of Palliative Care and Empathic Attainment in the Organisation of Palliative Care. The study shows a need to consider structuring environments that both help and protect community Macmillan nurses and fellow workers. Methods of clinical supervision should be informed by and complement lived experiences of working with serious illness, dying and bereavement.

This paper explores clinical supervision undertaken with community Macmillan Clinical Nurse Specialists in the UK. The philosophical motor is embedded in a Heideggerian existential-phenomenological framework, influenced by psychoanalytical thinking as described by Yalom. The discussion is derived from a qualitative research study designed to reach the lived-experience of five Macmillan Clinical Nurse Specialists. The author explores, in context, issues related to authenticity and project. Ideas are linked to contemporary concerns with reflective practice. The recommendation of this paper is that clinical supervision, through whatever method, reaches the vital experience of nursing practice. Realising tacit knowledge has potential to inform professional practice through powerful synergies of theoretical ways, understanding and lived experience. In addition, nurses might attain the existential idea of a boundary experience and so identify constructive ways to address issues arising out of professional practice.