The purpose of study: determine the rational parameters of an innovative working body that carries out a high-quality technological process of shallow soil cultivation. An innovative working body for shallow soil cultivation was developed on the basis of nature-like technologies that are currently relevant in scientific research. The ratio when using the golden ratio arises when comparing curvilinear and rectilinear, i.e. natural and artificial forms. The development of a new working body design is based on the physics of the interaction process with the processed environment, using analogies of shape and optimal proportions existing in nature. The working body design for shallow tillage with curved surfaces of increased streamlining using the configuration of natural sliding lines of the treated medium layer during cultivation has been developed. Depending on the required processing depth (6-16 cm), the innovative working body efficiently performs the cutting process with sliding, and also performs flat-cut loosening. Rational parameters and functioning modes of an innovative working body for shallow tillage have been obtained: length – 305 mm; working width – 450 mm; angle of crumbling, sharpening, posterior occipital cutting, mortar, rise – 15, 12, 10, 75-110, 10 degrees respectively; speed – 9-12 km/h.

The study was conducted at the reclamation water intake facility of Tikhovsky hydroelectric complex. We used data from long-term observations and results of laboratory studies on a 1:20 scale physical model of the Zapan fish protection device. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated using simulators of juvenile fish. Increasing the efficiency of the Zapan fish protection facility is achieved by additional placement in the bottom threshold, which directs the bottom flow along with the young fish to the springboard, where there is an airlift in the form of a bubble curtain that lifts the young along the springboard into the fish-receiving holes of permeable shields. Fish protection design and location in the middle of the water stream do not create a backwater due to low resistance and provide protection for young fish. This increases not only the survival rate of young fish, but also the efficiency of reclamation water intakes. A new design of a fish protection structure for reclamation water intakes of the Zapan type was developed, which provides a fish protection effect of 3 groups of young fish formed by their swimming ability, which allowed determining the size of the elements of the fish protection structure.

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Acute deficit of soil moisture during the growing season of crops negatively affects the yield. Various tillage methods that are part of the technology (traditional and zero) of winter wheat cultivation affect the soil structure in the topsoil, forming the soil structure in such a way that it acquires the properties of accumulation and preservation of atmospheric moisture. Purpose of the study is to determine the method of soil cultivation that contributes into increase in winter wheat productivity and moisture preservation in the soil. The study of various tillage methods was carried out under the conditions of many years of stationary experience in leguminous crop rotation. Soil and climatic conditions over the years of research were taken into account. The researched processing methods that form the basis of the traditional cultivation technology and implement their tillage tools are: surface - disc harrow B7T; small combined unit KUM 4; dump plow PN5-35. And cultivation of winter wheat by seeder of direct sowing WINTERSTEIGER Plotseed according to zero technology was studied, i.e. the main tillage was absent.

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