Introduction Ramon et al in 1967 described a condition, which included mental retardation, fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla and stunted growth. De Pino et al described a Brazilian family of four who had the same features as that of Ramon's syndrome in association with juvenile arthritis. Cherubism was first described in 1933 by Jones as ‘familial multilocular cystic lesion of the jaws’, a rare benign fibroosseous disease of the jaws, which is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Affected children usually present before five years of age with painless progressive swelling of the cheeks, frequently associated with dental malformations. It progresses until puberty, and shows partial or complete spontaneous involution in adulthood; therefore, management is mostly conservative. The condition was initially characterized as familial, particularly as a form of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. The children affected with cherubism do not usually show mental or physical deformities, but when cherubism is associated with other syndromes like Noonan-like syndrome, Ramon syndrome, and Fragile X syndrome, mental and physical deformities may be seen. Case Report This is a case report of a 12-year-old boy who reported with a massive painless bilateral swelling of the face, which has been increasing since the age of 2 years. The patient had multiple unerupted teeth, gingival hyperplasia, hearing loss and mental retardation. A detailed case report, including the histopathology, radiographic features (extraoral, CT and MDCT), and management of the case will be discussed in detail.

Introduction:In endodontic treatment for permanent teeth, it is important to estimate the working length precisely. Currently, various methods are used in clinical practice for working length estimation. The objective of this study is to compare the accuracy of root canal length in permanent teeth determined by electronic apex locators, conventional and digital radiography.

Percutaneous injuries in the dental office are one of the main risk factors for the transmission of diseases like hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HBV is an important infectious disease that is to be focused on in a dental setting. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), dental work ranks first in the frequency of potential sources for acquiring viral hepatitis, while dental employment ranks eleventh. It is necessary that all dental practitioners are aware of the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to be followed in case of exposure to HBV, HCV or HIV and the protocol followed in situations of exposure and that adequate reporting of the situation is performed. The protocol discussed is to be displayed in all dental settings so that every dental personnel will be aware of the necessary prophylaxis to be followed in any case of accidental exposure to infected source.