O conceito de tolerância a falhas tornou-se importante nas últimas décadas na indústria nuclear devido à utilização de sistemas de Instrumentação e Controle (I&C) digitais. Uma falha é uma anomalia indesejada em um item ou sistema que pode levar a um estado inseguro e eventualmente gerar incidentes ou acidentes de consequências indesejáveis do ponto de vista socioambiental. Atualmente as soluções digitais são muito atraentes, não obstante, requererem avaliações de software quanto a tolerância a falhas. Nosso artigo pretende realizar uma investigação teórica de confiabilidade e taxa de falha, com base em um Diagrama de Blocos de Confiabilidade, em um sistema de proteção digital para reatores nucleares. Adicionalmente, discute sobre a necessidade de cultura de segurança nos segmentos de operação do reator, monitoramento e fiscalização para garantir que eventos acidentais indesejados sejam evitados.
Brazil is constructing with national technology two small nuclear reactors for propulsion and for radioisotope production with thermal power levels between 20 and 50 MW. These nuclear reactors fit more in the class of small modular reactors (SMR) than in the class of large nuclear power plants. In this article we apply the design approach of SMRs to propose an architecture of reactor protection systems for the small reactor under construction in the country. To do that the probabilistic analysis of the architecture of a nuclear reactor protection system is evaluated to determine the sensitivity of the components through an Reliability Block Diagram modeling. It was evaluated the modification of the architecture and the addition of redundancies when using components with lower life time than the components usually used for this purpose. The results showed that after one year of operation, the reference RPS system presents a failure probability of 0.17 %. The modified system, with components with lower life time, presents a point reliability value only 0.070 % lower than the reference one, but this difference grows exponentially over time, and in 10 years of operation it can reach values above 95%. Using equipment with lower life time characteristics implies a greater number of redundancies and, additionally, a greater number of maintenance procedures and spare parts. Therefore, this technical feasibility analysis should consider a RAM simulation as well.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.