The abundance of major volatiles and helium isotopes was measured in three basalt samples from lithological Unit 1 in Ocean Drilling Program Hole 142-864A on "zero-age" oceanic crust. Total volatile content varies from 2.71 to 3.50 cm 3 STP/g in the samples, with H 2 O (0.16 to 0.21 wt% for the rock as a whole) and CO 2 (0.04 wt%) as the main components. Concentration ranges of other gases are as follows (in I0" 3 wt%): N 2 = 9-27; CO = 3-8; O 2 = \.l-\2\ H 2 O = 1.7-1.9, CH 4 = 0.45-0.92. The release behavior of different volatiles during their extraction from the rock by heating within the temperature interval 130°-1230°C was also investigated. From one-third to one-half of the total volatile content was released at 900°-1050°C, whereas the main part of He was released at <750°C. The content of He, I0" 6 cm 3 STP/g, varies from 37-39 in the gross powder fractions (0.5 to 1.0 mm) to 21-22 in the fine ones (<0.05 mm). The 3 He/ 4 He values in the same fractions are 1.18 × I0" 5 and 1.04 × I0" 5 , respectively. The C/ 3 He value in the total mass of volatiles is-1.9X10 9. The obtained results are within the range of data available for normal MORB tholeiite glass.

The article deals with the use of animals against humans and other representatives of the animal world. Such violence is actually recognized as a kind of instrumental coercion. At the same time, ethnozoological violence is considered as an ethnocultural phenomenon based on the mental heritage of previous generations. It is argued that violence with the use of animals has a socio-psychological origin, which is typical for most States. As a phenomenon of human practice, it is a generic concept in relation to its extreme form – criminal violence. Accordingly, any coercive influence on other people using animals is a model for criminal acts in the form of harm to human life or health. Consideration of ethnozoological violence in any aspect as a global social phenomenon or as a private event has shown that these forms always obey general socio-psychological laws.

Аннотация. Цель. Целью данной работы было провести анализ видов преступного психического насилия, недостаточно изученных в теории уголовного права и редко встречающихся в судебно-следственной практике. Процедура и методы исследования. Порядок изучения преступных посягательств с использованием животных базировался на применение логико-юридического метода, семантического, социально-психологического, сравнительного правоведения и выборочном анализе практики правоприменения. Результаты проведённого исследования. В ходе работы был выделен самостоятельный уголовно-правовой характер психического насилия с использованием животных. Сформулированы выводы по оценке реальности и наличности преступной угрозы при возможном нападение различных животных. Теоретическая и практическая значимость. В научном плане проведено обобщение угроз применения насилия и механизм устрашения потерпевшего в его объективном содержании и субъективном восприятии. В практическом аспекте рассмотрены основания уголовной ответственности при разбое, вымогательстве, угоне, хулиганстве и при совершение других преступлений с угрозой нападения на жертву животных, представляющих опасность для жизни или здоровья человека.

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The features of criminal-legal estimation of use of representatives of fauna at hooliganism and other crimes which are made with hooliganism motives are considered. The author points out inconsistency of the settled judicial-investigative practice of recognizing dogs as an object used as a weapon during commitment of a crime. The subjective signs of the use of animals during the commitment of the researched acts are analyzed. Practical examples of bringing to responsibility of persons who use animals during the commission of a crime under Art. 213 of the Criminal Code and other acts of hooliganism are demonstrated.