The type and amount of information pedestrians should receive while interacting with an autonomous vehicle (AV) remains an unsolved challenge. The information about the vehicle driving mode could help pedestrians to develop the right expectations regarding further actions. The aim of this study is to investigate how the information about the vehicle driving mode affects pedestrian crossing behavior and perceived safety. A controlled field experiment using a Wizard-of-Oz approach to simulate a driverless vehicle was conducted. 28 participants experienced a driverless and a human-operated vehicle from the perspective of a pedestrian. The vehicle was equipped with an external human machine interface (eHMI) that displayed the driving mode of the vehicle (driverless vs. human-operated). The results show that the crossing behavior, measured by critical gap acceptance, and the subjective reporting of perceived safety did not differ statistically significantly between the driverless and the human-operated driving condition.

Viet Nam has made significant progress in expanding social insurance coverage in recent years. However, coverage amongst small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remains very low and very few workers in this sector are expected to receive a pension in retirement. Drawing on two datasets for SMEs in Viet Nam, this paper seeks to explain this phenomenon by examining the characteristics of enterprises that are enrolled and those that opt out, and it identifies possible barriers to enrolment, such as high contribution rates. It also examines how enforcement mechanisms and formalisation policies might deter enterprises from enrolling. Drawing on lessons from international experience, the paper recommends a series of policy responses that seek both to address these barriers and to protect the livelihoods of those workers who are not yet covered.

This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD, its Development Centre or of their member countries. This document, and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Anyone looking for proof of the valuable role social protection plays in our economies should look no further than Indonesia. After all, here's a country of over 260 million people living on more than 6,000 islands where administrative and logistical challenges are simply routine. Even Indonesia's presidential election, held on 17 April, was hailed as an achievement in itself.Indonesia's social protection system generates fewer headlines but is no less impressive. It now reaches almost the entire population, helping people escape from poverty, access health facilities, go to school and feed themselves. Whatever the result of the presidential vote, there is no doubting the growing contribution of social protection to Indonesia's democracy.According to a new report, the Social Protection System Review of Indonesia, the growth in social protection in Indonesia over the last 20 years has been remarkable. In fact, since the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98, successive administrations have not only expanded the scope of social protection to cover a broad range of risks but have also sought to increase coherence between

devrait pas chercher plus loin qu'en Indonésie. En effet, avec plus de 260 millions d'habitants répartis sur un archipel de plus de 6 000 îles, les obstacles d'ordre administratif comme logistique y sont monnaie courante ; même l'élection du président indonésien le 17 avril a été saluée comme une prouesse.Le système de protection sociale indonésien fait moins parler de lui mais n'en est pas moins impressionnant. Atteignant aujourd'hui la quasi-totalité de la population, il contribue à lutter contre la pauvreté et la faim et facilite l'accès aux soins et à l'école. Peu importe les résultats de l'élection présidentielle, il ne fait aucun doute que la protection sociale contribue largement à la démocratie en Indonésie.Selon un nouveau rapport intitulé « Social Protection System Review of Indonesia », la protection sociale s'est considérablement développée en Indonésie ces vingt dernières années. En effet, depuis la crise financière asiatique de 1997-98, les gouvernements successifs ont non seulement étendu la portée de la protection sociale pour couvrir toutes sortes de risques, mais ils ont également cherché à renforcer la cohérence entre les régimes. Aujourd'hui, la stratégie de croissance inclusive du gouvernement actuel vise essentiellement à combler les ©Shutterstock 1 www.oecdobserver.org | Indonésie : la protection sociale à l'appui de la démocratie