This article deals with expressive means and structure of a mental component within deficiency category in Russian. The semantic field of the mental component of the category of deficiency has been represented by the core including three components, and near and distant peripheries in Russian. The core of the semantic field of deficiency in Russian has been presented by the following components -medical terms of mental diseases and brain pathologies, lexemes, and phrases within the concept of defects in mental development, language means denoting psychological disorders. Periphery near the center includes the informal style lexis. The further semantic sphere has been depicted with the euphemisms.

The author describes the language means of expressing the subcategory " Evolution"

The deviation category is primarily formed by words with the root devia- in English. The semantics of these words may be seen more detailed by considering their contextual interconnections with lexical units that are the representatives of the concepts within deviation. These concepts define levels of semantic category under analysis. The author considers the term “subcategory” for more abstract components of deviation category; they are higher in the hierarchy “category – concept”. The focus of this paper is to show the linguistic peculiarities of semantic field of biological constituent of deviation category in English

Выражение категории девиации в английском языке Аннотация: Категория девиации выражается словами широкой семантики, значения которых могут быть разделены на четыре группы. Конкретизация значений вышеназванных слов происходит посредством анализа их контекстуальных корреляций с языковыми единицами, репрезентирующими концепты, включенные в сферу девиации. The category of deviation is expressed by some broad-meaning words, their meanings divided into four groups. The semantics of the above-mentioned words may be made more specific by analyzing their contextual correlations with lingual units representing the concepts which are included in the field of deviation.

The authors deal with the notions of equivalence and appropriateness, and describe the divergence characteristics of categories under translation. Equivalence is considered as the quantitative correspondence of source text (ST) to target text (TT), while appropriateness is mentioned as the qualitative correspondence. Equivalent translation is seen in the sense of quantitative correspondence of source text and target text and their means of expression. The authors conclude that the quantitative comparison of ST and TT proves the fact of their prior nonequivalence, and sum up that it is connected with the socalled form of language and its means density. The article deals with the statement that translation might be formed among language groups that lexicalize the contents in a different way. The terms "translation" and "search for an equivalent" are differenciated. Naturalism or translation symmetry is defined as the cases of excessive attention of translators to formal part of their work; it is widely spread in the practice of translation. The terms "meaning" and "content" are mentioned in the following focus: meaning objectifies extralinguistic reality of the unit or text, content specifies intralinguistic one.