SIGNIFICANCE
This is a proof-of-concept study showing the possibility of pharmacological control for choroidal thickness using pilocarpine as an agent that causes 2 to 5% choroidal thinning in healthy eyes after the instillation.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this article was to study the effect of instillation of 1% pilocarpine on choroidal thickness in healthy subjects.
METHODS
Sixteen healthy individuals (seven males and nine females; mean ± standard deviation age, 25.8 ± 3.3 years) were included. All participants received optical coherence tomography to evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) and choroidal area on cross-sectional scan within 4-mm central area. Axial length was measured using optical biometry. Optical coherence tomography was performed before and after pilocarpine was instilled six times for a 75-minute period in one eye; the fellow eye was used as the control. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal area were measured by two masked graders in random fashion and averaged for analysis.
RESULTS
After instillation of 1% pilocarpine, percentage SCT change in study and control eye was −3.3 ± 3.8% and 0.4 ± 3.2%, respectively (P = .03). Percentage change choroidal area in study and control eye was −2.3 ± 2.5% and 0.8 ± 3.3%, respectively (P < .001). There was a correlation between percentage SCT change and axial length (r = −0.56, P < .001), as well as between percentage SCT change and baseline SCT (r = 0.72, P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Instillation of 1% pilocarpine causes a decrease of choroidal thickness, which is more substantial in eyes with short axial length and thick choroid.
Computational modeling allows studying the air quality problems in depth and provides the best solution reducing the population risks. This research demonstrates the Graz Lagrangian model effectiveness for assessing emission sources contributions to the air pollution: particles tracking and accumulation estimate. The article describes model setting up parameters and datasets preparation for the analysis. The experiment simulated the dispersion from the main groups of emission sources for real weather conditions during 96 h of December 2018, when significant excess of NO2, CO, SO2, PM10, and benzo(a)pyrene concentrations were observed in the Krasnoyarsk surface atmospheric layer. The computational domain was a parallelepiped of 40 × 30 × 2.5 km, which was located deep inside the Eurasian continent on a heterogeneous landscape exaggerated by high-rise buildings, with various pollutions sources and the ice-free Yenisei River. The results demonstrated an excellent applicability of the Lagrange model for hourly tracking of particle trajectories, taking into account the urban landscape. For values <1 MPC (maximum permissible concentration) of peak pollutants concentrations, the coincidences were 93 cases, and for values < 0.1 shares of MPC, there were 36 cases out of the total number of 97. The same was found for the average daily concentration for values <1 MPC—31, and for values <0.1 MPC—5 matches out of 44. Wind speeds COR—65.3%, wind directions COR—68.6%. The Graz Lagrangian model showed the ability to simulate air quality problems in the Krasnoyarsk greater area conditions.
практика эксплуатации машин, конструкций и сооружений все настойчивее требует создания методов и средств, с помощью которых можно было бы определять на основании имеющихся данных их функциональные возможности в любой момент времени, как в прошлом, так и в настоящем, а также прогнозировать на базе этих данных их состояние и поведение в будущем. Как правило, расчетным путем трудно оценить, как именно и при каких значениях параметров, характеризующих работоспособность конструкции, начнется разрушение. существующего объема знаний о зависимости принимаемых критериев разрушения от многочисленных параметров чаще всего недостаточно. если учесть, что могут иметь место и такие, влияющие на исчерпание несущих свойств материалов, параметры эксплуатации, о которых просто ничего неизвестно, то сложно оценить точность расчета, и в некоторых случаях погрешность может оказаться недопустимо высокой. технология контроля на основе акустической эмиссии дает возможность получить более высокую точность оценок, определяемую лишь точностью приборов и методик их применения в каждом конкретном случае. ее применение позволяет осуществить переход от наблюдения за состоянием конструкций к управлению их безопасной эксплуатацией. Библиогр. 56, рис. 15. Стремительное развитие науки и технологий дает перспективу широкого применения акустической эмиссии для создания интеллектуальных конструкций и сооружений, которые с заданной точностью и вероятностью сами будут сообщать о своем состоянии и предлагать меры выхода из затруднительных ситуаций. Академик Б.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.