The article considers different types of controllers and regulators used in industry, laboratories and for daily tasks. In practice, the most commonly used controllers are discrete state controllers, PID controllers, fuzzy and neural controllers. The last two use more sophisticated concepts, such as artificial intelligence. Controllers can be divided into feed-forward and feedback controllers. The feed-forward controller works by giving a result based on waiting for the next step, while the feedback controller works to give an observable result that changes the processing value of the later step. PID controllers are very popular in the design of a ship's main power plant. There is considered a schematic diagram of the PID controller. The description of the ship model in the Simulink environment is presented, the specified model of the diesel engine, the mechanical regulator, areas of restrictions of the engine are illustrated. The model of the turbocharger is analyzed in detail. It consists of a turbine resting on the exhaust gases coming out of the cylinders, due to which the compressor starts and compresses the air at the inlet to the cylinders. There is given the equation formed by the ratio of integral to time. In accordance with the original model of the diesel engine Diesel Engine Module, the nominal efficiency is defined. A model of shaft dynamics based on Newton's second law for rotation is considered. The actual Simulink model is illustrated, which introduces transmission losses and saturation associated with the load capacity of the engine. The model uses three designs of propellers. The characteristics of the propellers on the container ship MSC Caitlin, the tanker “Ivan Poddubny” and the ferry “Olympiad” are given. The general model of the propeller is made and resistance of calm water is simulated. The additional model of wave resistance is presented.

The article considers the point sensor technology for onshore power systems, which has a significant potential in providing new and effective solutions for monitoring and protecting marine electrical systems. These technologies can reduce the risk levels associated with marine electrical systems by providing comprehensive monitoring and protection functions that benefit from the distributed nature of the metering system. There has been described a system that consists of a data collecting device with optical fiber to collect multiple readings from a distributed passive array of sensors connected along a fiber length up to 100 km (applicable for any marine systems). There have been illustrated the variants of distributed monitoring and protection system in marine electrical systems. It has been stated that in the advanced marine systems there are used all-electric propulsion systems that distribute electricity between the ship's propulsion plants and other consumers. The power distribution has been proved necessary to rise efficiency, controllability, flexibility and cost of the system. Application of the new DC systems with zoned architecture, the emergence of batteries and other forms of power storage, and studying the superconducting cables and machines add to the importance of having knowledge of system operability and timely and safe response to failures and damages of the system.

The article considers the urgent choice of a solution to the problem of reliable operation of power plants in the maneuvering modes. The performance reliability of power units is assessed. There are listed actual methods of studying the reliability of power plants, which are used in the practice of operation and design of power plants, in particular the electrical part in a statistical state. There is proposed a structural-functional method of studying the reliability of power plants, which allows to analyze the cause-and-effect relationships of the structural diagram elements in the stationary and transient modes of operation and obtain a synthesizing assessment of the final result of the power plant operation, taking into account the factors affecting the mode change. The scheme of directed graphs is illustrated: serial and parallel connection of elements, with direct and reverse stochastic connections. Formulas are given for calculating the availability factor (operability of an individual element or a functional circuit), as well as the inoperability factor due to the frequency of failures and remedial repairs. A case of practical application of the structural-functional method studying the reliability of power plants is considered. The elements of the block diagram of the power unit, turbine plant, electrical connections are listed. An algorithm for calculating the reliability of operation of a 250-300 MW power unit in the modes of start-up, shutdown, load control, stationary and emergency shutdown is considered. The logical sequence of operations of the technological process of the power unit is given. It is noted that the calculations were made on a personal computer in an interactive mode, labor costs amounted to about eight hours for an engineer of average qualification. According to the calculations performed, the conclusions were drawn for the power plant operating in the shunting mode as a whole: frequent starts/stops have a negative impact on the performance of power units, therefore, there is recommended a load mode within the allowable limits of power change.

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The article considers application of fiber optic devices in many devices due to their small size and high accuracy. The new fiber optic devices are equipped with a Slab Coupled Fiber (SCF) system. The SCF method uses resonant coupling between an optical fiber and a plate waveguide to create an intra-fiber device. Devices manufactured with this technology consist of polarizers, filters and sensors. Fiber optic systems have been used in torque measurement systems in the oil and gas industry and in aerospace industry. Using this system on ships is more expensive in comparison with the technologies based on strain gauges. There is offered using inexpensive optical measuring system with plate optical sensors. SCF devices use D-shaped fiber as a platform. Plate optical sensor (SCOS) devices are based on the use of an electro-optical sensor. Today, a D-fiber coupled magnetic field sensor has been developed. The device combines a magneto-optical plate waveguide with a D-fiber to measure magnetic fields. The plate coupled magneto-optical sensor (MO-SCOS) measures magnetic fields up to 2 A/m. Due to its short length the sensor can display fields with a spatial resolution of 1 mm.