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This article studies the famine of 1921–1922 and 1932–1933 in the Southern Russian regions. Famine as a socio-historical phenomenon is considered in the context of the relationship of state power, the Cossacks, and the Church. The authors reveal the general and special features of the famine emergence and analyze the differences in the state policies of 1921–1922 and 1932–1933. Considerable attention is paid to the survival strategies of the Don, Kuban and Terek populations. Slaughtering and eating draft animals, transfer from the state places of work to the private campaigns and cooperatives, moving to shores and banks, and eating river and sea food became widespread methods of overcoming famine. Asocial survival strategies included cannibalism, abuse of powers, bribery, and more. In 1921–1922, the Russian Orthodox Church fought actively against the famine. In 1932–1933, the Church was weakened and could not provide significant assistance to the starving population. The article was written based on declassified documents from the state and departmental archives, including criminal investigations and analytical materials of the Obedinjonnoe gosudarstvennoe politicheskoe upravlenie [Joint State Political Directorate] (OGPU) recording the attitudes of minds. Also used are personal stories—namely, interviews with eyewitnesses of the famine of 1932–1933, recorded by the Kuban folklorists in the territory of the Krasnodar and Stavropol Krai.

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Introduction. The article reveals ambiguity and illegitimacy of using the verbal (textual) expression (definiens) defining the content of “decossackization” concept (depriving the Cossacks of independent political and military rights) in scientific literature and journalism as identical to genocide in relation to the chronological period of the 1920s. Methods and materials. The author uses known and rare, including archival, historical sources. The article does not deny the social unraveling process that was going on at the time, but the author attempts to prove the absence of total decossackization throughout the 1920s due to preparing and implementing by the ruling party of the Bolsheviks their “face to Cossacks” policy in the middle of this decade as a forced search of a political union with the Cossacks by the government agencies. The socio-demographic statistical data for the period of the late 1920s summarized by the quota (local) representative sample and attracted by the article indicate the absence of negative population dynamics, including the Cossack population, which leads to the conclusion that the red power did not use terror and genocide against the Cossacks massively in the designated period of time, and, accordingly, the Bolsheviks did not carry out a large-scale decossackization policy. Analysis and results. The decisions made at the end of 1924–1925, along with many other measures taken by the authorities (supporting repatriation of the Cossacks, amnesty for repatriates, creating territorial military units, etc.) during the decade under consideration, give reason to talk about a certain truncation of the decossackization social class practice in the 1920s. Historically, the decossackization issue goes back to the 19th century, and is not the exclusive policy of the Soviet government. Moreover, there are four main sides in this complex process: political, social, economic and spiritual-corporate one, which requires conducting additional research of this scientific problem today.

This article lists the most acute problems of the forest industry today: illegal logging, forest fires, and outdated data on forest management. The article describes the positive results of the federal project “Forest Conservation”, which has been in operation since 2019, and the results of the first GIL cycle, which covered 85 regions and ended at the end of last year. The LesEGAIS system was launched, and a new Strategy for the development of the Russian forest complex until 2030 was adopted. The updated version of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation has entered into force. A unified electronic control system for industrial, sanitary and other wood felling is being created. The measures taken should restore order in the forestry sector and make forest management as careful and transparent as possible.