(1) Background: The effects of serum vitamin D levels, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) in endometriosis were investigated in two cohorts of women with this pathology: those receiving hormonal treatment and those without treatment. (2) Methods: In 60 cases of women with endometriosis (26 with progestin treatment and 34 without), paraffin-embedded endometriosis tissue samples retrieved after surgery were immunohistochemically (IHC) analyzed to determine the expression statuses of VDR and PHH3. In addition, serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were assessed for each patient. (3) Results: The serum 25(OH) vitamin D evaluations revealed higher levels of 25(OH) vitamin D in women with treatment compared with those without. The positive IHC indexes of VDR and PHH3 in these two groups were compared. Vitamin D receptor levels were positively correlated with PHH3 levels, both being increased in patients without treatment. (4) Conclusions: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and IHC analysis of VDR and PHH3 can be used as additional tools for risk stratification and prognostic assessment in patients with endometriosis.

second-line plus (2L+) have improved outcomes in patients with recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer (r/mCC). Previous reports show potentially enhanced efficacy and tolerable safety with TV + pembrolizumab, carboplatin, or bevacizumab. We report interim safety and efficacy results from the dose-expansion cohorts evaluating 1L TV + pembrolizumab (1L-TP), 2/ 3L TV + pembrolizumab (2/3L-TP), and 1L TV + carboplatin (1L-TC) in patients with r/mCC. Methodology In the 1L-TP cohort, patients with r/mCC who had no prior systemic therapy (excluding chemoradiation) received TV 2.0 mg/kg + pembrolizumab 200 mg IV Q3W. In the 2/3L-TP cohort, patients with r/mCC who experienced disease progression on/after 1-2 prior systemic therapies received TV 2.0 mg/kg + pembrolizumab 200 mg IV Q3W. In the 1L-TC cohort, patients with r/mCC who had no prior systemic therapy (excluding chemoradiation) received TV 2.0 mg/kg + carboplatin AUC 5 IV Q3W. The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate (cORR) per RECIST v1.1. Results In the 1L-TP, 2/3L-TP, and 1L-TC cohorts, respectively, 33, 35, and 33 patients received treatment, and, at data cutoff, median follow-up was 18.8, 15.0, and 14.6 months. cORR was 41%, 38%, and 55%, with a median DOR of not reached, 14.0, and 8.6 months in the 1L-TP, 2/3L-TP, and 1L-TC cohorts, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) of special interest in patients in the 1L-TP, 2/3L-TP, and 1L-TC cohorts (grade 1-2/grade !3) included ocular events (58/9; 51/3; 58/ 9), bleeding (61/6; 61/9; 52/6), and peripheral neuropathy (49/3; 37/3; 48/12), respectively; one patient in 2/3L-TP and one patient in 1L-TP experienced grade 4 and 5 treatmentrelated bleeding, respectively. Additional data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusion TV + pembrolizumab or carboplatin in patients with r/mCC demonstrated encouraging and durable antitumour activity, with tolerable safety profiles.

Background: Our study aimed to examine the osteopontin (OPN) serum levels and tissue expression of CD44 and OPN in endometriosis-affected women both undergoing and not undergoing progestin treatment, and also to determine their involvement in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Methods: Using an ELISA kit, we evaluated the OPN serum levels of healthy and endometriosis-affected women both undergoing and not undergoing progestin treatment. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were used to assess the endometriotic tissue expressions of CD44 and OPN. Results: There were statistically significant higher OPN serum levels in the healthy control group compared to the women with endometriosis. Furthermore, there were higher OPN serum levels in the endometriosis-affected women undergoing the progestin treatment, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In comparison to OPN, CD44 expression was significantly higher in all the endometriotic tissue glands and stroma, regardless of the patient’s treatment status. Compared to the group receiving therapy, the OPN levels were higher in the endometriosis group not receiving therapy. OPN’s robust cytoplasmic expression seemed to be associated with the non-treatment group. Conclusion: Endometriosis, CD44, and OPN appear to be closely related. This study suggests that endometriosis that has not been treated has an immunological profile distinct to endometriosis that has received treatment.