Intracerebral cysts and cystic appearing intracerebral masses are common findings at routine cerebral imaging examination. We discuss here the most interesting aspects of some intracerebral cysts encountered in medical practice in terms of imaging, clinical and pathological description, and problems of differential diagnosis. On an almost routine basis, the neurologists have to deal with such differentials. Therefore, we aim to mention here some of the frequently encountered diagnosis problems when a patient presents with a cystic cerebral mass.

Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) associated with an increase number of circulating platelets due to megakaryocyte proliferation. We report on a 72 years old man who was admitted in our department for headache and visual impairment. Brain imaging revealed bilateral occipital infarction and right transverse sinus thrombosis. The patient had common cardiovascular risk factors, recurrent deep vein thrombosis and sustained elevation of platelet counts in the past 8 years.

Postabortion ovarian vein septic thrombophlebitis is a very rare variety with high complication rates and it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for febrile abdominal pain syndrome in the post-abortion period. The contrast-enhanced CT or MRI have the highest sensitivity and specificity to diagnose the ovarian veins thrombi. The treatment it consists in a combination of anticoagulation therapy and antibiotics. In case that anticoagulation is contraindicated it´s recommended placing an inferior vena cava filter.