Free sugars overconsumption is associated with an increased prevalence of risk factors for metabolic diseases such as the alteration of the blood lipid levels. Natural fruit juices have a free sugar composition quite similar to that of sugar-sweetened beverages. Thus, could fruit juice consumption lead to the same adverse effects on health as sweetened beverages? We attempted to answer this question by reviewing the available evidence on the health effects of both sugar-sweetened beverages and natural fruit juices. We determined that, despite the similarity of fruits juices to sugar-sweetened beverages in terms of free sugars content, it remains unclear whether they lead to the same metabolic consequences if consumed in equal dose. Important discrepancies between studies, such as type of fruit juice, dose, duration, study design, and measured outcomes, make it impossible to provide evidence-based public recommendations as to whether the consumption of fruit juices alters the blood lipid profile. More randomized controlled trials comparing the metabolic effects of fruit juice and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are needed to shape accurate public health guidelines on the variety and quantity of free sugars in our diet that would help to prevent the development of obesity and related health problems.
La littérature révèle un lien important entre la consommation de boissons sucrées et des effets néfastes sur la santé humaine, comme la prévalence de l’obésité et des maladies métaboliques. Différentes stratégies ont été adoptées par de nombreux pays afin d’inciter la population à réduire leur consommation de boissons sucrées. Les industries alimentaires ont, quant à elles, promu les substituts de sucre (ou édulcorants), les présentant comme une saine alternative qui permettrait de réduire l’apport calorique sans avoir à compromettre l’agréable goût sucré des aliments et des boissons. Toutefois, l’utilisation des substituts de sucre comme moyen de limiter ou de réduire l’apport énergétique est-elle sans conséquence pour la santé ? Cette revue vise à discuter des différents effets associés à la consommation d’édulcorants sur la santé et à élucider si leur utilisation devrait être recommandée par les professionnels de la santé à leurs patients dans le cadre de la gestion de leur poids.
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