The objective of this study was to design a protocol of the successful establishment of plants of Begonia fischeri var. palustris obtained in the in vitro seeds culture, to evaluate flavonoid content and antimicrobial properties of in vitro plantlets. The significant increase of percentage of seed germination (92.5%) was recorded in the half strength MS medium and 1% agar medium (83.3%) in comparison with 50-60% in greenhouse conditions. Flavonoid composition of the leaves of in vitro plantlets and greenhouse stock plants had no substantial differences. Significant differences (p<0.05) were not found between flavonoid contents of the leaves (13.6 and 15.5 mg•g −1 of Dry Weight (DW), respectively). Aqueous ethanol extracts of plants showed antimicrobial effects against reference strains of Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Concentration of flavonoids in acetone and ethanol extracts of exudative compounds of the leaves of in vitro plantlets was 0.02 and 2.0 mg•g −1 DW, respectively. Our results indicated that this protocol can be used for the production of a large number of plants of B. fischeri var. palustris with rich flavonoid composition and high quantities of flavonoids, including exudative compounds, with healing and air cleaning properties.
The objective of this study was to design a protocol of the successful establishment of plants of Begonia grandis dry. in culture in vitro, and to evaluate the concentrations of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, as well as the ratios of chlorophyll a/b, total chlorophyll/carotenoids and total chlorophyll/anthocyanins in the in vitro plantlets in comparison to the same parameters assessed in the leaves of greenhouse plants. A significant increase in the percentage of shoot formation (22.0 ± 1.5%) was recorded on the modified N6 medium supplemented with plant growth regulators in comparison with the standard breeding technology. Begonia grandis plantlets possessed the elevated contents of all photosynthetic pigments per unit mass of plant compared to the greenhouse plants. The increase in chlorophyll b was most substantial. The average anthocyanin concentrations in the plantlets and greenhouse plants were approximately equal, but the essential variation within B. grandis microclones was observed. Phenolic profiles of in vitro plantlets and greenhouse plants was rather similar. Concentrations per unit mass for the majority of components (especially organic and phenolic acids) in the plantlets increased in comparison to those in greenhouse plants (47.23 and 38.22 mg g −1 total phenolics, respectively). Overall data suggest that this protocol can be used for the production of a large number of plants of B. grandis in a good physiological state and with high phenolic content.
Изучение адаптационного потенциала четырёх таксонов из рода Begonia (B. rockii Irmscher, B. sutherlandii J.D. Hooker, B. variegate Y.M. Shui & W.H. Chen, B. 'Gloire de Lorraine') способствовало выделению факторов, влияющих на длительное сохранение коллекции бегоний in vitro и ex vivo в Центральном сибирском ботаническом саду (ЦСБС). Выявлена взаимосвязь экологических условий произрастания данных бегоний в природе с ритмами роста в условиях оранжерей. Составлены феноспектры, отражающие фазы развития растений, что позволяет организовать необходимые агротехнические мероприятия для бегоний в течение года. Проанализирована продуктивность размножения изученных бегоний различными способами. Изучено влияние различных концентраций экзогенных регуляторов роста и состава питательных сред на регенерационную способность флоральных эксплантов 4 таксонов бегоний для моделирования их пролиферации в культуре in vitro. Предложен состав модифицированной среды N 6 , включавшей цитокинины TDZ и БАП в концентрациях 0,5 мг/л и 1,0 мг/л соответственно, что позволило получить путем прямого органогенеза многочисленные регенеранты из фрагментов цветков бегоний, относящихся к разным генотипам. Жизнеспособность микрорастений была сохранена при культивировании в коллекции in vitro благодаря применению приема чередования питательных сред с различным соотношением макроэлементов и регуляторов роста. Подобраны субстраты для выращивания бегоний в условиях оранжерей и для адаптации микроклонов при переводе их в условия ex vitro. Предложенные способы длительного поддержания коллекции представителей рода Begonia предполагают сочетание стандартных методик и микроклонального размножения, при применении которых происходит реювенилизация растительного материала. Ключевые слова: Begonia, интродукция, экологическая адаптация, флоральные экспланты, культура in vitro
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