Throughout the decades of continuous advances in semiconductor technology, from the discrete devices of the late 1950s to today's billon-transistor system-on-chip, there have always been concerns about the ability of components to operate safely in an increasingly disruptive electromagnetic environment. This paper provides a nonexhaustive review of the research work conducted in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) at the IC level over the past 40 years. It also brings together a collection of information and trends in IC technology, in order to build a tentative roadmap for the EMC of ICs until the year 2020, with a focus on measurement methods and modeling approaches.

No abstract

No abstract

Thin semiconducting thermoelectric films with narrow energy band gaps are considered to be very promising for future microdevice applications (sensors and generators). The polycrystalline BiSbTe alloys (V–VI semiconductors) are examples. In this report, the detailed temperature dependence of electrical resistivity [ρ(T)], n- and p-type carrier concentration [n(T) and p(T)], and Hall mobility [μ(T)] of n-type Bi2Te3, p-type Sb2Te3, and p-type (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 (x=0.73 and 0.77) alloy films prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are presented in the range of 100–500 K. From the room temperature measurement of the Seebeck coefficient (α), the values of α for Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, and (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 with x=0.73 and 0.77 are found to be −220, +110, +240, and +210 μV/K, respectively, which are optimal in these types of film materials. The carrier concentration of these films at 300 K is found to be around (1019–1020) cm−3. The ρ(T) data show an exponential increase with increasing temperature irrespective of the carrier types. For the temperature dependence of the Hall mobility, the lattice contribution is found to be predominant for all the films. Also, we have fabricated a simple micromodule Peltier device (MMP) using the n-type Bi2Te3 and the p-type (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 (x=0.77) films where a maximum cooling of 2.6 °C was obtained with a low input current of 2.5 mA.