Objectives: To evaluate the quality of the adaptation procedures as well as the clinimetric testing of the shoulder disability questionnaires available in Portuguese that has occurred for each adaptation. Methods: Systematic literature searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCIELO and LILACS were performed to identify relevant studies. Data on the quality of the cross-cultural adaptation procedures and clinimetric testing were extracted. All studies were evaluated according to the current guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties. Results: Seven different questionnaires adapted into Brazilian-Portuguese (DASH, WORC, SPADI, PSS, ASORS, ASES and UCLA) were indentified from eleven studies. Most of the studies performed the cross-cultural adaptation procedures following the recommendations from the guidelines. From a total of seven instruments, two were not tested for any measurement property (PSS and ASES) and two questionnaires (DASH and WORC) were evaluated for almost all of properties. None of the questionnaires were fully tested for their measurement properties. Conclusions: Although most of the shoulder disability questionnaires have been properly adapted into Brazilian-Portuguese, some of them were either inadequately tested or not tested at all. It is recommended that only tested instruments can be used in clinical practice, as well as in research.

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Background: Systematic reviews are considered the best design to synthesize all existing information of a given research topic. To date, there is no study that investigated the quality of reporting of systematic reviews relevant to physical therapy published in Portuguese. Objective: To analyse the quality of reporting of systematic reviews in the field of physical therapy published in Portuguese by using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) checklist. Method: All systematic reviews published in Portuguese that were indexed on PEDro database up to August 2011 were included. The quality of reporting of the eligible papers was analysed by using the PRISMA checklist. Each quality assessment was performed by two independent reviewers with arbitration of a third reviewer if necessary. Results: A total of 37 systematic reviews were identified. These studies were published between 2003 and 2010. Less than 30% of the PRISMA checklist items were satisfied, being most of the items related to the introduction and discussion sections. No improvements over time were observed. Conclusions: Most of the studies did not satisfy the items from the PRISMA Checklist. It seems that most of authors did not know the existence of this checklist. The implementation of reporting statements such as the PRISMA statement by Portuguese-written journals is likely to help authors to write their systematic reviews in a more transparent and clear way.

We examine gender bias in media by tallying the number of men and women quoted in news text, using the Gender Gap Tracker, a software system we developed specifically for this purpose. The Gender Gap Tracker downloads and analyzes the online daily publication of seven English-language Canadian news outlets and enhances the data with multiple layers of linguistic information. We describe the Natural Language Processing technology behind this system, the curation of off-the-shelf tools and resources that we used to build it, and the parts that we developed. We evaluate the system in each language processing task and report errors using real-world examples. Finally, by applying the Tracker to the data, we provide valuable insights about the proportion of people mentioned and quoted, by gender, news organization, and author gender. Data collected between October 1, 2018 and September 30, 2020 shows that, in general, men are quoted about three times as frequently as women. While this proportion varies across news outlets and time intervals, the general pattern is consistent. We believe that, in a world with about 50% women, this should not be the case. Although journalists naturally need to quote newsmakers who are men, they also have a certain amount of control over who they approach as sources. The Gender Gap Tracker relies on the same principles as fitness or goal-setting trackers: By quantifying and measuring regular progress, we hope to motivate news organizations to provide a more diverse set of voices in their reporting.

runs six miles four times a week. She developed persistent pain and swelling in the dorsum of the left foot 10 months prior without inciting trauma. Exam showed subcutaneous swelling and tenderness of the dorsum of the left forefoot, overlying the second and third metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. X-ray showed no fracture. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed "very mild stress reaction" at the base of the second metatarsal and diffuse subcutaneous edema. Patient was treated as an occult stress fracture and wore a Cam Walker boot for one month but pain and swelling persisted. Trial of physical therapy, iontophoresis, and ibuprofen failed to improve symptoms. Setting: Tertiary care outpatient clinic. Results or Clinical Course: Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MUS) examination showed synovial thickening of the second and third MTP joints with a "double contour sign," hyperechoic rounded densities, and positive color power Doppler signal consistent with the MUS appearance of inflammatory calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) arthropathy. Extensor tendon tenosynovitis associated with crystalline deposits and subcutaneous edema was also seen. No bony erosions or fractures were identified. Given her diffuse swelling and active synovitis, she was treated with prednisone which resolved her symptoms. Discussion: CPPD arthropathy is not common in younger individuals, but metabolic diseases such as hemochromatosis, hypothyroidism, and hypomagnesemia have been associated with CPPD. MUS can diagnose CPPD via detection of hyperechoic rounded or punctate densities within the joint, cartilage, or tendon. Double contour sign, typically associated with gout, can also occur with CPPD. MUS has been found to be more reliable than radiographs and MRI in the diagnosis of CPPD disease in peripheral joints. Conclusions: MUS may be more helpful than MRI in diagnosing inflammatory CPPD disease. Persistent swelling of the foot should raise suspicion for underlying inflammatory disease.