ResumoObjetivo: Verificar o efeito da atividade física programada na escola sobre a composição corporal em escolares adolescentes durante 1 ano letivo.Métodos: Amostra foi composta por 383 alunos, divididos em dois grupos: caso com 186 (96 meninos e 90 meninas) e controle com 197 (108 meninos e 89 meninas), com idade entre 10 e 15 anos. Trata-se de estudo de intervenção com pré e pós-teste, no qual o grupo caso foi submetido a atividade física programada e o grupo-controle a aulas convencionais de educação física escolar. A composição corporal foi avaliada por medidas antropométricas e cálculos de índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura e massas gorda e magra.Resultados: O grupo caso apresentou estabilidade na prega cutânea subescapular, índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura e na massa gorda; redução significativa na prega cutânea triciptal, perímetro do abdome nas meninas e aumento significativo dos perímetros do braço, cintura e panturrilha e da massa magra. No grupo-controle houve aumento do índice de massa corporal, prega cutânea triciptal, perímetro do abdome e da massa gorda nas meninas. O grupo caso apresentou diminuição significativa na proporção de sobrepesos e obesos no pós em relação ao pré-teste, o mesmo não ocorrendo no grupo-controle. Conclusão:A atividade física programada resultou em melhoria e manutenção nas variáveis da composição corporal e redução da frequência de sobrepeso e obesidade no grupo que sofreu intervenção.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85(1):28-34: Atividade motora, saúde escolar, composição corporal, obesidade, sobrepeso. AbstractObjective: To verify the influence of programmed physical activity on body composition among adolescent students during 1 school year. Methods:The sample included 383 students (age range: 10 to 15 years) separated into two groups: 186 cases (96 male and 90 female) and 197 controls (108 male and 89 female). This was an intervention study with pre-and post-test assessments in which interventions consisted of programmed physical activity; the control group had conventional school physical education. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and fat and lean body mass. Results:In the case group, subscapular skinfold thickness, BMI, body fat percentage and fat body mass remained stable; there were significant reductions in tricipital skinfold thickness and in abdominal perimeter among girls and significant increases in arm, waist and calf perimeters and in lean body mass. In the control group, there were significant increases in BMI, tricipital skinfold thickness, abdominal perimeter and fat body mass among girls. At post-test, overweight and obesity significantly decreased among case group subjects, but not among controls. Conclusion:Programmed physical activity resulted in improvement or maintenance of body composition parameters and in reduction of overweight and obesity in the intervention group. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85(1):28-34: Motor activity, school health, body composition, o...

Aims: To determine the presence of abnormal body proportion, assessed by sitting height/height ratio for age and sex (SH/H SDS) in healthy and short individuals, and to estimate its role in selecting short children for SHOX analysis. Methods: Height, sitting height and weight were evaluated in 1,771 healthy children, 128 children with idiopathic short stature (ISS), 58 individuals with SHOX defects (SHOX-D) and 193 females with Turner syndrome (TS). Results: The frequency of abnormal body proportion, defined as SH/H SDS >2, in ISS children was 16.4% (95% CI 10-22%), which was higher than in controls (1.4%, 95% CI 0.8-1.9%, p < 0.001). The SHOX gene was evaluated in all disproportionate ISS children and defects in this gene were observed in 19%. Among patients with SHOX-D, 88% of children (95% CI 75-100%) and 96% of adults had body disproportion. In contrast, SH/H SDS >2 were less common in children (48%, 95% CI 37-59%) and in adults (28%, 95% CI 20-36%) with TS. Conclusion: Abnormal body proportions were observed in almost all individuals with SHOX-D, 50% of females with TS and 16% of children considered ISS. Defects in SHOX gene were identified in 19% of ISS children with SH/H SDS >2, suggesting that SH/H SDS is a useful tool to select children for undergoing SHOX molecular studies.

Objective: To verify the influence of programmed physical activity on body composition among adolescent students during 1 school year. Methods:The sample included 383 students (age range: 10 to 15 years) separated into two groups: 186 cases (96 male and 90 female) and 197 controls (108 male and 89 female). This was an intervention study with pre-and post-test assessments in which interventions consisted of programmed physical activity; the control group had conventional school physical education. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and fat and lean body mass. Results:In the case group, subscapular skinfold thickness, BMI, body fat percentage and fat body mass remained stable; there were significant reductions in tricipital skinfold thickness and in abdominal perimeter among girls and significant increases in arm, waist and calf perimeters and in lean body mass. In the control group, there were significant increases in BMI, tricipital skinfold thickness, abdominal perimeter and fat body mass among girls. At post-test, overweight and obesity significantly decreased among case group subjects, but not among controls. Conclusion:Programmed physical activity resulted in improvement or maintenance of body composition parameters and in reduction of overweight and obesity in the intervention group. (Rio J). 2009;85(1):28-34: Motor activity, school health, body composition, obesity, overweight. J Pediatr

Our purpose was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIT) vs. continuous moderate exercise (CME) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy subjects. Fifteen young men (age=22.1±6 years) underwent 30 min of HIT (2 min of walking at 50% of reserve heart rate (HR) alternated with 1 min of running at 80% of reserve HR) and CME sessions (30 min of jogging/running at 60% of reserve HR) in random order (2-5 days between sessions). IOP was measured before (baseline), immediately after (post--exercise), 5 min after (Rec5) and 10 min after (Rec10) each exercise session. IOP was reduced post-exercise and remained reduced at Rec5 during both HIT and CME session, with no significant difference between interventions (~16% between 23%). However, IOP remained reduced at Rec10 only after HIT intervention (~19%), whereas IOP at Rec10 returned to levels similar to the observed at baseline during CME intervention. In summary, both HIT and CME equally reduced IOP immediately and 5 min after exercise session. However, only HIT was able to remain IOP reduced 10 min after exercise. These results suggest that HIT may be more effective than CME for reducing IOP in young healthy men.

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