Cadernos Cedes, ano XIX, nº 48, Agosto/99 89 Alexandre Fernandez Vaz** Treinar o corpo, dominar a naturaza: Notas para uma análise do esporte com base no treinamento corporal* RESUMO: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar algumas idéias sobre o tema do treinamento corporal e sua relação com o domínio da natureza. Para isso apresenta-se a teoria da formação do sujeito e da civilização desenvolvida por Theodor W. Adorno e Max Horkheimer, sobretudo na Dialética do esclarecimento. A ên-fase recai sobre o papel do sacrifício nesse processo, e a relação deste com o corpo. A partir daí procura-se entender o esporte, e dentro dele o treinamento corporal, com vistas a desenvolver uma análise daquele baseada na lógica sacrificial e na correspondente redução do corpo a uma naturalidade desqualificada e fungível.Palavras-chave: Esporte, treinamento desportivo, dialética do esclarecimento, sacrifício, Adorno e Horkheimer, Escola de Frankfurt
Specific protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions are required for successful assembly of a large variety of biologically important macromolecular complexes, including viruses. We used the bacteriophage MS2 as a model for the study of such interactions. MS2 is a member of a large group of small RNA phages that infect Escherichia coli [1]. Its icosahedral shell consists of 180 copies of coat protein (M r 13 728) arranged in a T ¼ 3 quasi-equivalent surface lattice surrounding the ssRNA genome. Each virion also contains one copy of the maturase (or A) protein, responsible for attachment of the virus to E. coli through the F-pilus. Coat protein folds as a dimer of identical subunits and consists of a 10-stranded antiparallel b-sheet facing the interior of the phage particle, with antiparallel, interdigitating a-helical segments on the virus' To investigate the role of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions in virus assembly, we compared the stabilities of native bacteriophage MS2, virus-like particles (VLPs) containing nonviral RNAs, and an assembly-defective coat protein mutant (dlFG) and its single-chain variant (sc-dlFG). Physical (high pressure) and chemical (urea and guanidine hydrochloride) agents were used to promote virus disassembly and protein denaturation, and the changes in virus and protein structure were monitored by measuring tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence, bis-ANS probe fluorescence, and light scattering. We found that VLPs dissociate into capsid proteins that remain folded and more stable than the proteins dissociated from authentic particles. The proposed model is that the capsid disassembles but the protein remains bound to the heterologous RNA encased by VLPs. The dlFG dimerizes correctly, but fails to assemble into capsids, because it lacks the 15-amino acid FG loop involved in inter-dimer interactions at the viral fivefold and quasi-sixfold axes. This protein was very unstable and, when compared with the dissociation ⁄ denaturation of the VLPs and the wild-type virus, it was much more susceptible to chemical and physical perturbation. Genetic fusion of the two subunits of the dimer in the single-chain dimer sc-dlFG stabilized the protein, as did the presence of 34-bp poly(GC) DNA. These studies reveal mechanisms by which interactions in the capsid lattice can be sufficiently stable and specific to ensure assembly, and they shed light on the processes that lead to the formation of infectious viral particles.Abbreviations ANS, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate; GdnHCl, guanidine hydrochloride; VLP, virus-like particle.
Trata o presente de resultados parciais de uma pesquisa em andamento, cujo objetivo é estudar aspectos da educação do corpo na escola. Foram estudadas aulas de Educação Física e atividades de Esporte Escolar de uma grande escola pública de Florianópolis, por meio de observações sistemáticas e entrevistas. Os resultados apontam para a prevalência do esporte e seus vetores na Educação Física, como paródia de si, e para a ambigüidade do Esporte Escolar, oscilante entre os imperativos da competição e os discursos sobre a formação humana via práticas esportivas.
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