Aim: To compare the body composition of overweight children and adolescents by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after physical activity program. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients with mean age (SD) of 12 (1.9) participated in the study. We assessed the weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body composition by DXA and BIA. Patients underwent a program of diet and physical activity (1 h 30 min/day, 3 times a week for 3 months) and were evaluated before and after this period. Results: Mean initial zBMI were 2.3 (0.5) and waist SDS 5.9 (1.8). Significant differences were observed when we compared the measurements taken by DXA and BIA, respectively: total body fat percentage (40 and 31.5) and fat-free mass (43.1 and 50.6 kg). Regarding the trunk fat by DXA, there was a positive correlation with the WC/height ratio (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). After the intervention period, we observed a reduction in the zBMI, waist SDS, and total body fat and increase of fat-free mass by DXA. BIA only detected reduction in fat. Conclusion: BIA underestimates the percentage of fat and overestimates fat-free mass in relation to DXA. There is positive correlation between trunk fat and the ratio WC/height. In addition, DXA detected changes in body composition induced by a short period of physical training, unlike BIA. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

BackgroundThe intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (cIMT) and endothelial dysfunction are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease.ObjectivesTo evaluate the correlation between cIMT, brachial intraluminal diameter and flow-mediated vasodilation on the reactive hyperemia phase in adolescents with obesity with predictors of CV risk.MethodsSeventy-three pubertal patients with overweight or obesity were evaluated (45 girls) with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 12.9 (2.5) years. Patients underwent anthropometric measurements and had the lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels analyzed. The ratios of the waist circumference (WC)/height (WHtR) and triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the Matsuda index and insulin area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. All patients were evaluated for cIMT and arterial blood flow velocity of the brachial artery.Results75.3% of the patients had high cIMT values. We found a positive correlation between WHtR and cIMT (r = 0.233; p = 0.050). There was a positive correlation between sICAM-1 and insulin AUC (r = 0.323; p = 0.012) and WHtR (r = 0.258; p = 0.047). Patients with abnormal arterial dilation had higher sICAM-1 values (p = 0.02) despite having smaller WHtR (p = 0.046).ConclusionsThese adolescents with obesity had high cIMT values. Insulin resistance was associated with sICAM-1. Endothelial dysfunction was positively correlated with sICAM-1. There is no consensus about what the best laboratorial approach to evaluate insulin resistance in adolescents is, and the cutoff values of each method are arbitrary. So, as we saw earlier, the association between anthropometric data (WHtR) and ultrasound findings could be useful to evaluate the CV risk of these adolescents with obesity, because of its practical, direct and low-cost value.

ABSTRACT:Objectives: To correlate birth weight and current metabolic condition in overweight pubertals. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 125 pubertal patients (85 females / 40 males) with overweight, categorized into three groups according to birth weight (<2500g, 2500-3999g and >4000g). The following data were evaluated: chronological age, zBMI, Waist circumference (WC)/H, zHeight and lipid profile. Results: Low birth weight was observed in 16 patients (12.8%) and high birth weight in 15 (12.0%). At the time of the evaluation, the mean (SD) of the chronological age was 13.3 years (2.3), Body Mass Index z score (zBMI) + 2.60 (0.6), WC/height 0.59 (0.09), height z score + 0.44 (1.15) and HOMA-IR 4.37 (3.07), Glycemia 85.3 mg/dL(8.4), Insulin Sum 500.4 (306.4), Total Cholesterol 166 mg/dL (37.3), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) 100.5 mg/dL (28.9), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) 41.4 mg/dL (8.8), triglycerides (TG) 119.8 (63.3) mg/dL and TG /HDL ratio 3.1 (1.97). There was only difference of the zBMI (p<0.05) between the groups, being the low birth weight group with higher zBMI. The other metabolic parameter compared showed no difference. Conclusions: It was observed a high frequency of low birth weight, insulin resistance and inadequacy of the lipid profile. Birth weight should be considered a risk factor for only overweight, but as of the moment of weight gain, this fact, by itself, already increases the metabolic risk.Key words: Birth weight, Puberty, Obesity, Metabolic syndrome, Risk factors RESUMOObjetivos: Correlacionar peso ao nascer e condição metabólica atual em púberes com sobrepeso. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo de 125 pacientes (85 meninas /40 meninos), categorizados em grupos pelo peso ao nascer. Dados avaliados: idade cronológica, zIMC, CA /E, zEstatura e perfil lipídico. Resultados: Baixo peso ao nascer em 16 (12,8%) e alto peso em 15 (12,0%). Média (DP) de idade cronológica 13,3 anos (2,3), zIMC + 2,60 (0,6), Circunferência Abdominal / Estatura 0,59 (0,09), zEstatura + 0,44 (1,15), HOMA-IR 4,37 (3,07), Glicemia 85,3 mg /dL (8,4), Soma de Insulina 500,4 (306,4), Colesterol Total 166 mg/dL (37,3), LDL 100,5 mg/dL (28,9), HDL 41,4 mg /dL (8,8), triglicerídeos (TG) 119,8 ( DP 63,3) mg/dL e TG/ HDL 3,1 (1,97). Diferença do zIMC (p <0,05) entre grupos, com maior valor no baixo peso ao nascer. Conclusões: Alta frequência de baixo peso ao nascer, resistência à insulina e inadequação do perfil lipídico. O peso ao nascer deve ser considerado fator de risco para sobrepeso, mas a partir do momento do ganho ponderal, esse fato, por si só, já aumenta o risco metabólico.Descritores: Peso ao nascer, Puberdade, Obesidade, Síndrome metabólica, Fatores de risco